New Canberra

Australia's Interstellar Heart

By Scott Ash

C. 1999-2002 by Scott Ash

I want to take this opportunity to first thank Bill Bacon, Abraham Gubler and Evan Powles for their ideas regarding New Canberra. To be honest, my own thoughts here are miniscule compared to the input they provided me, both on and off the 2300ad mailing list. Thanks, "mates!" While I have been blessed with visits to several cities in Australia during my Navy days, I hope Australian readers forgive my obvious American perspective in my portrayal (some might say "Californication") of "their" colony on Tirane. For information on the Australian military presence in New Canberra, I must also thank Dan Hebditch, master of the Order of Battle, and Abraham Gubler for his ideas regarding the unique structure of 2300AD's Australian Defence Force and government. Also, my thanks to Kevin Clark, Ben Levy, Dave Malesevich, Bryn Monnery, and numerous others for their ideas and suggestions. A special "thank you" goes to my daughter, Randi Adams, for much of the unique flora and fauna found at the last chapter. (Too bad she feels herself too old to continue contributing more- sda '02)

Note: Geo=Earth. Where the "geo-" prefix would be used in a word related to Earthly descriptions, it has been replaced by "tira-" to indicate Tirane and Tiranean features. While this is common practice in the English-speaking areas of Tirane, other colonies differ. Also, if my Spanish or Malay is incorrect at all, please don't hesitate to correct me. As Australia is an equal partner in the colonization of what has been known as the "American Arm," that term has here been replaced with "Rimward," both in Australian and American usage. Only the most jingoistic media outlets in America use the term "American Arm," often to the displeasure of America's Australian allies. Therefore, where appropriate, "Rimward" is used here. Ab: Aboriginal, In: Indonesian, Jp: Japanese, Sp: Spanish, TSB: Torres Strait Broken. Pronunciations added if different from spelling. For explaining Spanish or Spanish-derived adjectives, the masculine and the feminine forms are separated by a slash (/), as in "NovoCano/a." However, as in general practice the masculine form is used throughout to indicate a people, such as "Latino," "Malvino," and "Mariano."

Index

1. Introduction
2. Tiragraphy
3. History
4. Demographics
5. Government and Law Enforcement
5a. Military Presence
6. Spaceport Facilities
7. External Relations
8. Economy
9. Culture and Sport
10. Major Cities
11. Flora and Fauna

1. Introduction

New Canberra, Australia's first extrasolar colony, can claim to be the diplomatic center of Tirane. The Tirane Council meets at Bennelong, New Canberra's capital, and many other planet-wide conferences are held within the colony. Receiving many visitors for any number of reasons, New Canberra has become a popular tourist destination for Tiraneans, edging out Tunghu for the number of tourist arrivals per year. Additionally, New Canberrans, or NovoCanos as they call themselves, comprise the bulk of Australia's overall population. A merger of the proud Latin American and diverse Australian cultures, New Canberra has become a strong presence on Tirane, and its richly diverse population has created a place and outlook unique in Human Space. "Soy NovoCano!" (or "NovoCana!" if female) is a proud declaration made by many in New Canberra, whether of Argentine, Australian, Indonesian, Nigerian, or other origin.

But under the surface serious problems are beginning to emerge. While the smaller immigrant communities have merged with the New Canberran mainstream, problems of poverty and marginalization in the Latino and Indonesian communities have festered to the point of increasing crime and violence, leading to separatist activity in one of the regions. Additionally, many NovoCanos are questioning the current government's increasing centralism, coming to believe that devolution to the various regions might better serve the needs of average NovoCanos. Compounding that, a small but growing number of NovoCanos are beginning to question their relationship with Australia, in the belief that all Tirane's colonies should follow Freihafen's and Wellon's example and seek independence. Some resentment comes from the NovoCano's Australian counterparts on Earth as well, given New Canberra's overwhelming political and economic power within the Commonwealth of Australia. Many NovoCanos believe that New Canberra will be an entirely different place in a generation, though to what that change brings remains to be seen.

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2. Tiragraphy

New Canberra sits on the southern half of the Araki continent, bordering Amaterasu on the north at Duffer's Strip. Additionally, the New Canberra colony includes two major island groupings off both east and west coasts. The Australian portion of Araki lies almost entirely below Tirane's equator, a point recognized in the territory's flag. It is deep blue, with the Crux Australis as seen from Earth in the fly and the Argentine Sun of May centered on the canton.

Each of the following regions will be discussed in their own specific articles. However, for the purpose of this overview, here are the major regions of New Canberra.

The southern half of New Canberra, known as the Llano ("yah-no") de Tierra Negra or the Black Soil Plains, contains some of the richest farmland found anywhere on Tirane. South of the New Silver River (Rio Nueva de la Plata) and originally the Argentine Santa Maria colony, the Llano has since been integrated into New Canberra since the Argentine effort's collapse in the 2180's. Currently home to 25 percent of the territory's population, this area continues to attract new settlers eager to develop the available riches. Its proximity to the Southern Ocean allows for an extensive fishing industry, and products harvested from the sea comprise a fair portion of the inhabitants' diet. The major city in this area is Ciudad Santa Maria, or "el CSM" (Say-Ess-Em), with a population of three million. Other cities include the multiethnic San Diego, home to Tirane's largest and most extensive zoo dedicated exclusively to Tiranean fauna; Costa del Oro (Sp: Gold Coast), a popular beach resort once known as Nueva Ensenada; and Villa Navarro, the Llano's largest horse trading center. The Llano is the center of New Canberra's vegetable, fruit, and dairy industries, and has extensive virgin forests in the western coast of the region. Latino residents of the Llano call themselves "Santa Marians" (or "Mariano/as") after the original Argentine colony founded in CSM. For obscure reasons, non-Latino residents of the Llano refer to themselves as "Victorians."

Nueva Cordoba is the center of the Nuevas Malvinas region, consisting of the islands immediately to the north and west of the Llano and the Pampa, across the Rossi Strait. Home of the Cooperativo de los Pescadores de las Nuevas Malvinas (Sp: Nuevas Malvinas Fisherman's Cooperative), New Canberra's largest seafood producer, Nueva Cordoba also hosts the ADF Maritime Command's largest shipyard on Tirane. The remainder of the area is dedicated to agriculture, and the rolling hills growing a variety of crops give this region a quiet, pastoral air. Founded by Argentines discontent with the merger of the Santa Maria colony into New Canberra in 2183, Nueva Cordoba and the Nuevas Malvinas are a small slice of Argentina within New Canberra, only begrudgingly a part of the Australian colony.

Between the Silver Mountains and Duffer's Strip lies the Pampa, a semi-arid region now given to grain farming and livestock rearing. Dominated by the Barton River and fed by the Deakin and Thabu Koesa (TSB: "Snake River") rivers, this area has a good portion of New Canberra's population engaged in a variety of occupations. Most of these towns are situated along the river, and are agricultural and light-industrial centers. Where the Black Soil Plains have rolling hills the Pampa is dominated by vast grasslands, which support vast ranchos or estancias (Sp: stations) of cattle, jumbuck and sheep. Larger towns along the river include Port Bagaaybila (SE Ab: "Place full of creeks") at the rich delta country where the river meets the sea, Tirane Springs, Bencoolen, and Pama Ngapa (Central Ab: "Sweet Water") at the river's source, the northern face of the Silver Mountains. As the Pampa reaches the equator, deserts become more apparent, yet in no area of New Canberra are deserts like those in Australia proper. If anything, the deserts of the eastern Pampa are more closely compared to those in Northwestern Mexico east of Los Angeles, and the American Southwest. This is New Canberra's own Outback, and a popular local vacation destination.

The Eastern Shore and the large island Pulau Timor Bahru (In: "Island Timor New," or New Timor) is home to some of the best surf found anywhere on Tirane, and supports a growing tourist industry. From the island city of Anchorhead to the capital of Bennelong at the eastern edge of the Escarpment dividing the Pampa from the Shore, south along the mainland to Windbourne just south of the Silver Mountains, this sparsely populated area attracts beachgoers from all over the Core, as well as hikers and campers. A few small towns dot the shore, mostly geared to tourists, but fishing and a nascent mining industry is taking root here, most notably around Anchorhead. The city of Windbourne sits on the northern side of the Rio Nuevo de la Plata (Sp: New Silver River), which forms the natural barrier between the Black Soil Plains and the Eastern Shore. Pulau Timor Bahru hosts surf and sun resorts, and has become New Canberra's premier coffee-growing region.

Stretching along the Eastern Shore and from just north of Anchorhead on Pulau Timor Bahru north to Duffer's Strip lie the Spice Islands. Originally intended to grow spices for Tiranean consumption (hence its name), lately this archipelago has attracted tourists from not only New Canberra but from the other Tiranean colonies and nations as well, especially Amaterasu. While they lack the white-sand beaches popular with most tourists, the Spice Islands offer volcanic displays, hot springs (popular with the Amaterasujin, especially in Grandwinter), and challenging watersports. Its largest city is Port Essington, with 200,000 residents, on Peterson's Island.

Duffer's Strip, the northernmost region of New Canberra, borders Amaterasu at Broken Ridge. Once the site of the bulk of Australia's tantalum reserves, this was the site of the "First and a Half Interstellar War" between Japan and Australia. It lies along Tirane's equator, and has a hot, humid tropical climate within the valleys and cools off as elevations increase. The major cities of Duffer's Strip are also among the largest in New Canberra: Mount McDonald, Rum Jungle, and Kosciusko. Unlike the other large cities of New Canberra, these cities are compact, crowded places, as much of the surrounding jungle is protected by environmental and safety regulations as a result of the remnants of tapped out tantalum mines. For other minerals, however, Duffer's Strip remains the richest area known on Tirane. These support the industries of New Canberra, and employ many of the district's residents. Also, several varieties of teas are grown in the mountains and valleys of the Strip, many of which have earned awards and acclaim throughout human space.

INDEX

3. History

When Argentine and Mexican warships challenged the European Space Agency's (ESA) colonization fleets over Tiranean colonization rights Australia led the efforts to resolve the conflict. Upon the ESA's acceptance of the Melbourne Accords allowing for open colonization of extraterrestrial territories, Australia in 2163 claimed the central third of the Araki continent, what is now the Pampa, the Eastern Shore, and Pulau Timor Bahru. Immediately after making their claim the Australian Colonization Department began surveying and settling. In honor of it's first capital destroyed in the Twilight War, the Australian public overwhelmingly chose "New Canberra" as the colony's name. The name itself is of Aboriginal origin, and the accepted source is "Meeting Place" from the language of the Ngunnawal people of southern New South Wales. Cynical sources claim the name comes from a similar sounding Aboriginal word meaning "a woman's breasts," but the "meeting place" origin stuck in the minds of Australians eager to shed the sexism of the early twentieth century and therefore became official. Initially the effort was lackluster, as the section of the Pampa claimed by the Australians was semi-arid desert and the first town, Bennelong, for it's first ten years of existence was merely a base for the numerous survey teams sent by Newcentre.

While Bennelong was still nothing more than a collection of prefabricated buildings, confrontation over Australia's claim on the mountainous area dividing Amaterasu and New Canberra, known as Duffer's Strip, came with Japan in 2173. The Japanese, who were settling the northern half of their shared continent, began sending survey teams south from their central city, Hoshikyo (Jp: "Star Capital") into the mountainous area separating the two colonies. Known later as the "First and a Half Interstellar War," it came to blows early in the conflict when an overeager former Field Command Section Leader, Paul Hanson, opened fire upon a Japanese company's survey team which included Tasmanian engineers and technicians. The Japanese responded by returning in force with units of Imperial Marines, the Australians escalated in turn sending parts of the ADF Garrison into the Strip. It is still unknown whether the troops were sent to enforce their countries' claims to the area or keep the combative survey teams apart. A no-man's land was set up around the disputed area, but it proved difficult to maintain its integrity thanks to the difficult terrain and limited numbers of regular troops deployed. Confrontations between patrolling troops, locally raised auxiliaries and wildcatting prospectors from both sides occurred almost weekly in the zone through the months of the stand off.

Before the conflict could escalate, however, Britain and America intervened and a compromise was reached. The Rum Jungle Agreement of 2174 provided for Australian sovereignty over the area, yet the tantalum found there would be mined by both Southern Cross Mining Pty. Ltd of Adelaide, South Australia and Osaka's Mogami Honshu Kigyo (Jp: "Corporation"). Since then, Australian and Japanese relations on Tirane have been for the most part friendly, as both profited handsomely from the agreement. As it was Australian territory, the Australian Defence Force was tasked with the defense of the mining concessions, which saved Japan a great deal of money. As for Hanson, he was later tried in a quickly convened colonial court and sentenced to life imprisonment back on Earth. He later died of wounds sustained in a prison riot.

Since then much of the emphasis was placed on Duffer's Strip, as what later became the bulk of New Canberra was in Argentine hands. Some development also came the Eastern Shore, yet for much of the colony's history Duffer's Strip held the majority of the population, at one time supporting ninety-five percent of New Canberrans. During the initial colonization period, over half of immigrants were not of Australian origin, many of those from Indonesia and Nigeria. Taking advantage of the raw materials brought up from Southern Cross Mining's facilities, Sumatro Fabrique built several factories throughout the peninsula, and these provide the backbone of the Duffer's Strip economy today. In particular, the Proton Bahru (In: "New Proton," from a vehicle originally produced in Malaysia) line of automobiles became the symbol of New Canberra's industry. Inexpensive and easy to maintain, "PB's" still attract a following in the low-end auto market, especially among university students and the many "alternative" communities throughout Tirane.

While Australia, Brazil, Japan, and the ESA nations invested heavily in their Alpha Centauri colonies, the American and Argentine efforts were not so vigorous. The Americans had left much of their Tiranean colonial development to corporate contractors, and the Argentine government steered a good portion of their resources into new warship fleets to defend their nascent colony. Much of the Black Soil Plains were used as military training centers, and the colonists were seen by Argentina more as support for visiting and permanent party forces than a viable community in their own right. There was little thought, other than the military presence, on the part of Argentina over the logistic and engineering planning requirements of building a colony. Thus Santa Maria was hard pressed to provide a sufficient surplus necessary to feed the large garrisons, much less supply external markets. During INAP's brief colonial presence on Tirane a native Tiranean virus had killed half of the livestock brought to the colony. This combined with the lack of anything to trade on Santa Maria's part and the near-feudal structure of the colonial administration stifled any innovation on the part of Santa Maria's colonists. While Dr. Alejandro Navarro Galtieri, INAP's chief veterinarian and a dedicated pacifist, developed the vaccine preventing further livestock losses to the local virus, the militaristic nature of the Argentine colonial effort ultimately led to it's collapse.

Before the Rio Plata Wars of the twenty-third century, the INAP forces stationed on Tirane were in 2175 used in an abortive amphibious attack on New Albion (now Wellon) as a test of military capability and in revenge for British military operations in the South Atlantic on Earth. Utilizing a number of imported submarine assault craft the INAP force intended to operate along the south and western coast of the Tiralbion targeting shipping and isolated settlements. However news of the expedition leaked first to Australian intelligence and then a Japanese Colonial Defense Force patrol craft encountered the flotilla in the open seas. This information was passed to the ESA command and what naval forces were available were mobilized. The first contact came when the a British coastal transport ship was sunk, the first of many over two months, the ESA response was fitful as the on-world ships were general patrol vessels not suited for anti-submarine work. It was not until a crack Royal Navy anti-submarine team arrived from Earth that the situation was brought under control. Two subs were destroyed and one captured with its databases intact. Two other subs and one supposedly on route to Provincia do Brasil were never accounted for.

Armed with information on the INAP venture and the collusion of the Santa Marian colonial authorities the ESA nations demanded reparations. Britain, France and Bavaria mobilized their small fleet off the coasts of Santa Maria and faced down their Argentine opponents with skirmishes especially fierce off the coast of the Neuvas Malvinas (whilst on Earth a similar, if less overtly violent, scene was taking place of the coast of South America on a much greater scale). The threat of force and international opprobrium forced the Argentine government on Earth to disown the actions of INAP dominated military on Tirane and begin to negotiate an end to the crisis. Under an arrangement between the ESA nations and the Santa Marian colonial government signed at Bennelong, the growing spaceport city on the Eastern Shore, Australia was asked to supervise the demilitarization of the Llano del Tierra Negra, including occupying the large bases in and near CSM. This led to conflicts between Australia and Argentina, but the actual colonists begrudgingly accepted the decision as one more disaster to add to the many that had happened before.

Initially these Australian Defence Force troops were received cooly by the Marianos, yet with the Australians' overall fairness and not a few rescues by the New Canberra Emergency Service in the Southern Ocean turned most Marianos into the ADF's avid supporters. Indeed, once the demilitarization was completed Santa Maria's civil authorities welcomed the opportunity to develop their economy without the heavy demands placed on them by the Argentine and Mexican military commanders. When Argentina finally abandoned Santa Maria in 2183 as a result of the Santo Cristophos School disaster, the Santa Marians had become accustomed to the Australian presence. Thus, in the referendum held later in the month, merging of the colony into New Canberra barely won out over outright independence.

In recognition of their new citizens the people of New Canberra overwhelmingly voted to make their colony officially bilingual, in order to welcome them into their new "meeting place." For a few years, though, both the original Australian colonists and the former Argentines suffered through strained relations. Spanish was not considered an important second language by many of the Australians, and the new Hispanic citizens had little regard for English, a language spoken by historical rivals. However, many of the Australian military and civil affairs personnel stationed in Santa Maria and, after 2209, the Nuevas Malvinas became proficient in Spanish, and were instrumental in the merging of the two colonies. To this day (2303) the descendents of these troops and the remaining units involved still take pride in their bilingualism, and over the decades have been joined by descendents of Argentine settlers in creating a number of unique Field units within the Australian Defence Force's Tirane Command.

Another issue that faced both communities was the structure of the new government. New Canberra had a sizeable, locally elected assembly with considerable power over the day to day management of the colony. Santa Maria's, however, was a seven-member advisory body turned ad hoc government with the removal of the INAP-appointed military governor. While it was clear that the Australians had the lead in governing infrastructure, the Mariano settlers still trusted their own leaders, and continued to recognize the Junta de Advisores (Sp: Board of Advisors) as their leadership. The newly enlarged New Canberra assembly, not wishing to alienate their new citizens further, gave recognition to their Mariano counterparts as Santa Maria's regional council. Using the Junta as a template for similar regional councils throughout New Canberra Bennelong continues the practice of "advisory boards", as another gauge of local needs, though only the Junta de Advisores de Santa Maria uses the name. This is a conscious decision of the other regional councils, as "Junta" still holds a negative connotation in English-speaker's minds.

Many former Argentines who did not support merger of their home with the Australian colony in 2183 left the Llano for the Nuevas Malvinas, to the west of southern New Canberra. For the first twenty years of their settlement of what later became Nueva Cordoba these Malvinos were de-facto independent, while they did profess loyalty to their Argentine homeland. As a result of the First Rio Plata war, though, the Australian government in 2209 was begrudginly asked to assume responsibility for the Nuevas Malvinas defense. Brazil was eager to remove any unassimilated Argentine from New Canberra in order to defend it's own Provincia do Brasil colony from the self-proclaimed "Argentine Government-in-Exile," which had been formed by Argentine government officials who fled Buenos Aires in the wake of Brazilian invasion and subsequent occupation. Brazil's aggressive stance came as a result of Malvino attempts to Brazil's colonial effort during and immediately after the war, which culminated in the destruction of what was to become Conquista da Victoria's first water treatment plant. A cordial relationship between Brazil and Australia prevented too much hostile action being taken against Nueva Cordoba, as well as later Australian guarantees of the Malvinos' good behavior.

Having tripled the size of its Alpha Centauri holdings in less than twenty years, Australia then entered a turbulent period in its history. Back on Earth conflicts with the separatist governments in Hobart and Cairns escalated nearly to the point of civil war. However, by a narrow margin Australians accepted the status quo and formalized the independence of both Tasmania and Northern Queensland. This period also saw a great deal of constitutional reform, which led to greater autonomy for the people of New Canberra, granted by Newcentre in order to not lose the wealth and prestige that came with having one of the first extrasolar colonies in human history. In 2188, Australia's quadcentenary, using grants from the Australian Colonization Department with its new headquarters in Bennelong, the first university was opened for the citizens of the colony. Originally intended to be named Issac University after the first Australian-born Governor-General during the pre-republican period, by popular demand it was named Lalor University. The significance of the name was not lost on the Newcentre government, as Peter Lalor was the leader of an armed uprising against the British-dominated colonial government of the nineteenth century. However, with the new autonomy that came with the reforms, Newcentre accepted the will of the NovoCanos. Today Lalor University, while not the largest institution of higher learning in New Canberra, has become one of the most prestigious, with nearly as many students from Australia proper and other countries as NovoCanos.

New Canberra since has used its affiliation with Australia to provide to Tirane what Australia provides to Earth: a strong, neutral location for all sorts of inter-colonial negotiations, as well as a skilled diplomatic corps. Since it's inception in 2202 the Tirane Council, a forum for all the colonies and nations to discuss pan-Centauri issues outside of Terran politics, has met at Bennelong. As the countries with Tiranean colonies have no rivalries or major conflicts with each other, Tiranean politics has been for the most part cordial. The agreement between Brazil and Australia regarding the Nuevas Malvinas was the Council's first success, both diplomatically and psychologically. The success there led to greater acceptance and respect for the Council, and slowly but increasingly more responsibility for all-planet and intra-system regulation was granted by Tirane's colonies and parent nations, though in no case is sovereignty of outposts, stations, or colonies ever threatened by the Council.

Recently Tirania's conflict over Wellon's Knightsbridge Shire on the continent of Eisig, claimed by Tirania, through the Council's efforts was settled amicably in Wellon's favor, in exchange for undisclosed concessions by Wellon. Also, after the War of German Reunification, the independence of Freihafen was formally recognized in the Tirane Council's chambers in the Needle, Bennelong's tallest building. Lately, in a gesture that is expected to acknowledge Tirania's de facto independence, the Tirane Council including New Canberra and Australia have offered a place within the Needle for Tirania and America to negotiate the terms of independence. Tirania has agreed to this in principle, but no word on the proposal has yet come from Reston. However, it was not dismissed out of hand, as America does not want to alienate its closest ally over a mature colony it has no further interest in. Often, though, the Tirane Council is merely a smokescreen to hide the actual diplomatic work of Australia and America, both strong allies with a neutralist outlook on international politics. The Council itself has no actual powers beyond enforcement of international law beyond Tirane's atmosphere, through the Tirane Space Police and System Patrol, and has a full-time staff of less than three hundred people.

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4. Demographics

Both Australia and New Canberra are loath to subdivide their people, either by religion or by ethnic background. "It shouldn't bloody matter where the %@$* our people come from! Once they're here they're mates!" was Chief Minister Torres' comment when it was suggested in the 2300 census to determine the ethnography of New Canberra's citizens. However, the Federal departments of Immigration and Community Affairs and Aboriginal Affairs both required such data to determine the effects of their efforts in New Canberra.

The 2300 census, taken to prepare for the 2302 Federal elections, showed New Canberra to have the following approximate ethnic breakdown:

Australian, no further subdivision: 32%
Argentine and other Latino: 22%
Indonesian(Javanese/Malay): 20%
Nigerian: 9%
Indian States: 6%
Scandinavian: 4%
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander: 4%
Other, including Tiranian: 4%

During that census, given the revulsion NovoCanos have in identifying themselves as anything but "NovoCano," many simply identified themselves as "Australian." Therefore the numbers presented above may be inaccurate. Those groups that did identify themselves as members of a specific ethnic group generally were those who lived in neighborhoods and towns whose origins came from settlements, and in the case of many in the Argentine community a former colony, started by their ancestral homelands. 35% of those participating in the census, regardless of the background claimed, were not themselves born in New Canberra, but generally follow the pattern listed above.

Those identifying themselves as "Australian" are of a variety of ethnic backgrounds, yet for the most part all are descended from those who emigrated from Australia proper. These people can be found throughout the colony, not limiting themselves to any particular areas. While there is no favoritism shown towards any ethnic group shown by the government, many of those who work for the New Canberran government, in any capacity, are descended from the Australian colonists in proportions that belie their actual numbers. In most places this would cause a degree of resentment between the colonists of the mother country and those who've come from other places, but for the most part in New Canberra this resentment isn't common, save in the Nuevas Malvinas. This includes those colonists descended from the various Aboriginal peoples of Australia, and while the vast majority of them have integrated into the society as a whole, some still live traditional lives along the Eastern Shore, Pulau Timor Bahru, the Silver Mountains, and Duffer's Strip. Aboriginals also form a disproportionate number of Field Command Leaders and Tactical Commanders patrolling the jungles of Duffer's Strip, as their familiarity with blending with the natural environment have made them uniquely suited to the long-range patrols undertaken by Tirane Command in defense of the common border with Amaterasu.

Argentine, or "Latino" which many prefer, NovoCanos have made an impact on NovoCano society in a much greater degree than their actual numbers would indicate. Spanish is an official language of New Canberra and many of the names in the New Canberra gazetteer come from the original Argentine names. Additionally, the rural practices in the Black Soil Plains/Llano de Tierra Negra stem not from the Jackeroos and Jilleroos of Australia proper but in the Gaucho traditions of Patagonia and the Argentine Pampas. While this might indicate prosperity on the part of Latinos, in fact the opposite is the case. Though officially New Canberra is bilingual, in practice those who don't speak English often have a hard time improving their economic position, and with the official bilingualism there is little emphasis on teaching English to Latino NovoCanos. This has made much of the Latino-dominant areas of New Canberra, in particular the Nuevas Malvinas, the most impoverished of New Canberra.

While official Argentine support for Santa Maria ended with the abandonment of their colony in 2183, many Argentine and Mexican emigrants made their way to the Llano de Tierra Negra. This has given rise to a "illustrado" community, made up of those descended from the original 10,000 Argentines left behind as the Argentine administration and military left. Much of the beef and fish consumed in New Canberra come from the Latino areas of the colony, from estancias (Sp: stations) and cooperatives still owned by the illustrado families. Income distribution, while far better than Argentina and Mexico proper, is still disproportionate in the Llano and the Nuevas Malvinas, with the bulk of the economy controlled by the illustrados. This leads to internal tension within the Argentine community, yet any efforts by Bennelong to redress these issues are rebuffed, as (from the illustrado point of view) the community should solve it's own problems. While Santa Maria and the rest of the Llano are beginning to show signs of economic stability and growth, the Nuevas Malvinas will likely remain a depressed, blighted area, as internal tension between separatists and the New Canberran government continues.

Another source of tension within the Argentine community is over the Novo Catolico schism engineered by Argentina and Mexico during the First Rio Plata War in 2205. The Vatican, not wishing to alienate their Brazilian base of support, condemned the Argentine aggression that led to that war. The military leaders in Buenos Aires and Mexico City, instead of accepting the Vatican's decision, broke from the Roman Catholic church and formed the Novo Catolico church with it's center in Montevideo, Uruguay. While most of the people within the INAP sphere (Argentina, Chile, the Inca Republic, Mexico, and Uruguay) followed their leaders, the lesser presence of both the Instituto Nacional de Astronomica Practical (INAP) nations on Tirane also diminished the impact of the schism within the Argentine community of New Canberra. Many (though not all) in the Nuevas Malvinas, which enjoyed a period of de facto autonomy until the Brazilian intervention from Provincia do Brasil in 2206, strongly support the Montevideo church. Marianos, since 2173 having mostly worked closely with the Bennelong administration, have thus far remained faithful to the Roman Church, now based in Perugia, Italy.

While other communities in New Canberra see continued immigration, especially from Indonesia, the Indian States, and Nigeria, Argentine immigration has tapered off to near zero in the past three decades. While this has been attributed to Argentina's new colony on Montana as well as the other main INAP colonial effort undertaken with the Manchus on Kwantung, a more reasonable explanation can be found in the depressed economies of the Nuevas Malvinas and the Llano de Tierra Negra. While the Llano's economy has shown some resiliency as it integrates further into the overall NovoCano effort, the Nuevas Malvinas remains depressed due in part to the political instability and low-level insurgency found there. While this has not prevented new Latino immigration, often this comes from such countries as Chile, Mexico (particularly the states of Cuba and Panama, both still resistant to Mexican annexation), Spain, and the Latino community of Tirania. Oddly enough, another source of Latino immigration to New Canberra comes from America itself, as Hispanics from California's Central Valley, Puerto Rico, and South Florida see more opportunity as Spanish-speakers in officially bilingual New Canberra than might be found in America's colonies in the Rimward Arm. As a result, most of these new Latino settlers are more loyal to New Canberra (though not necessarily Australia) than the average native Latino.

Settlers and their descendents from Indonesia, often called pribumi (In: "native"), are mainly found on Duffer's Strip, with smaller communities in the Spice Islands, the Eastern Shore, and Pulau Timor Bahru. Indonesians are for the most part Malay and Javanese, with very few Balinese and Chinese-Indonesian descendents among them. Making up the majority of residents in Mt. McDonald and the largest pluralities in Kosciusko and Rum Jungle, the Indonesian community's impact on Duffer's Strip is clearly most apparent in the Islamic religion practiced by the vast majority. The sound of the muezzin calling the faithful to prayer has become as much a part of the daily life of Duffer's Strip as youngsters playing sepak takraw. There was some resentment directed at Bennelong and the New Canberran parliament when Spanish was elevated to an official language as there were far more Bahasa Indonesia speakers in New Canberra in 2183, some of which continues today. However, in recognition of the Indonesian contribution to New Canberra's growth, the three major cities of Duffer's Strip refer to their neighborhoods as kampongs, or communties, and Indonesian traditional architecture strongly influences public buildings and personal housing throughout all of the non-Latino areas of New Canberra. Indonesian themes and styles also influence dress throughout New Canberra, and the batiks created by the textile industry of Duffer's Strip are also finding a market throughout the rest of the colony, and indeed all Tirane, as well.

It is difficult for a newcomer to Duffer's Strip to fully integrate, as the Indonesian communities are clannish and protective of their adat, or traditions. While there is a move afoot to elevate Bahasa Indonesia to become New Canberra's third official language, similar efforts within the community are being made to improve the English capability of Indonesian youngsters in order to make them more competitive in New Canberra's economy. The vast majority of Duffer's Strip's unemployed are Indonesian, which causes further tension between them and the remainder of New Canberra, yet the companies with the largest presence in Duffer's Strip are Indonesian or owned by Indonesian residents. Smaller communities of Indonesian NovoCanos are found in Bennelong and Windbourne on the Eastern Shore and Anchorhead on Pulau Timor Bahru. None of these places have the same social and economic problems Duffer's Strip's Indonesian communities have, yet don't have the same sense of adat their brethren share in Duffer's Strip either.

These Indonesian settlers were brought to New Canberra per an agreement between the Indonesian and Australian governments as a safety valve for Indonesia's crowded conditions. While mean-spirited, a fairly accurate comment by a Commonwealth Party leader in the 2220's summed up the dilemma faced by both Australia and Indonesia, "If we don't let the Indo's go to New Canberra they'll overrun Darwin." While the Life Foundation had a hand in subsidizing the transport of Indonesian colonists, for the most part the transportation costs were borne by Indonesian companies. These companies were given the same tax breaks as Australian companies by the New Canberra Department, which made it easier for them to bear the cost of bringing their new employees to Duffer's Strip. Duffer's strip was closer to the bulk of New Canberra's raw materials necessary for heavy industry, and thus the most appropriate place to begin the new Indonesian-financed development. While in the early years of colonization full employment was realized in Duffer's Strip, as time went on many mines were closed, and the costs of gaining the materials necessary for manufacturing operations often overwhelmed the companies operating in Duffer's Strip. This led to plant closings and widespread unemployment, a situation only now being rectified through government and Life Foundation sponsored diversification projects and the encouragement of relocation to more prosperous cities. This relocation has given cities outside of Duffer's Strip their Indonesian communities, which have become just as prosperous as any other in their new homes.

Nigerian settlers have come to New Canberra from the beginning of Australia's colonial effort on Tirane, and have chosen the largest of the Spice Islands to make their homes. A hard-working people, Nigerians have formed a unique community within the islands, yet aside from Duffer's Strip have only recently formed communities beyond them, notably on Pulau Timor Bahru and the Silver Ridge mountains, where they experiment with coffee production. Nigerian descended NovoCanos are strongly defensive of the environment where they live, and through their urging many of the smaller, uninhabited islands of the Spice Islands archipelago have been set aside as natural preserves. Also, the tourist and fishing industries of the Islands are largely Nigerian efforts. Though having a percentage of Muslims just over half to that of the Indonesians, the remainder being either Christian or animist, mosques are as prevalent in Port Essington and Muhtma as they are in Duffer's Strip. While the majority of Nigerians speak Peul/Fulani or Hausa among themselves, English is used as a lingua franca between speakers of different languages and there is little linguistic tension between the Nigerians and the rest of New Canberra.

Scandinavians were part of New Canberra's second wave of settlers, and chose an area in the southern portion of the Eastern Shore for their homes. Nordmark, a suburb of Windbourne, is the center of Scandinavian culture and learning in New Canberra, yet Scandinavians can be found throughout the colony filling a variety of roles. While those living closer to Nordmark and Windbourne are more apt to uphold and display their heritage and languages, those living further away live lives no different than any Australian in New Canberra, save for participation in cultural events held where there are a number of Scandinavians. Those living in Nordmark, though, often choose to live lives at sea, in either the fishing fleets or the New Canberra Emergency Service's rescue craft. Also, New Canberra's largest commercial ocean-shipping fleet, Viking-Southern Cross, is based at Windbourne, and many of the Scandinavian NovoCanos are found in VSC crews not only plying the waters of Tirane, but aboard Australian and Scandinavian interstellar merchant ships as well. Considered part of the Scandinavian community, yet separate from it, are several hundred Sami, or Lapp, families from the far northern regions of the Scandinavian Union. They are found mostly in the Silver Mountains, engaged in reindeer herding and the maintenance of roads and communications substations deep in the mountains.

Along the rivers of the Pampa are scattered settlements of people from the various Indian States. Placed there during New Canberra's first century through the auspices of the Life Foundation, these communities have integrated into and invigorated the life of the Pampa easily, the only noticeable presence of Indian culture being the various Buddhist, Hindu, and Sikh temples and Muslim mosques near the various towns. These towns also have Indian markets offering the sights and smells of the Subcontinent, which forms the heart of the Indian communities of the Pampa. While all the languages of the subcontinent were brought with them during their settlement along the river, only Bengali, Hindi, and Punjabi survived, the remainder having adopted English or one of the other three languages. The few Muslims in these communities also study classical Arabic, the language of the Qur'an, but do not use it as an everyday language.

While it was feared that the emigration and concentration of so many East Indians from a variety of different states would bring the conflicts of the Subcontinent to New Canberra, the Life Foundation ensured that inter-ethnic tension would be kept to a minimum. Working closely with the Australian Colonial Office, and later with the New Canberra Department, the Foundation refused to concentrate large numbers of emigrants from any single country into a single location. Therefore, the Pampa towns of Bencoolen and Tirane Springs, along with the small number of smaller towns between them, show a mixture of various East Indian nationalities. As the first thing a Life Foundation emigrant to New Canberra gives up is his or her national passport, the Foundation then becomes responsible for their diplomatic protection until citizenship is achieved. As such, the Life Foundation has large "transition assistance centers" at Bennelong, Tirane Springs, and Port Bagaaybila to assist these new immigrants, though solely in English. This does go some way to erode the use of the Indian Subcontinents less-common languages, such as Gujerati, Malayalam, and Tamil, but while this is of concern to the Life Foundation the individuals giving up their languages don't seem to complain much. After all, English remains the lingua franca of the Subcontinent, despite the dissolution of 20th century India.

Punjabi Sikhs, in particular, have made the greatest impact of all the East Indian peoples of New Canberra. While less than 4% of New Canberra's overall population, Sikhs make up nearly 10% of the New Canberra Police force and contribute to the defense of Australia as a whole, befitting the martial tenets of their faith. In recognition of this, the Australian Defence Force has created the Sikh Regiment of Australia, recruited primarily from the Pampa city of Bencoolen. While originally a novelty unit, in each deployment this regiment has earned not honors not only for itself but for New Canberra as well, and as a result is Bennelong's ceremonial troops. Additionally, turbaned Sikh engineers are found aboard starships throughout Human Space, and those from New Canberra are considered "cream of the crop" due to the greater degree of training and preparation required by Australia's Engineering Trades Union.

Other peoples have made their way to New Canberra, including East Africans, Indochinese- particularly from Thailand, and Tiranians escaping their recent economic slump. All have integrated into society as a whole, though East Africans are more likely to live among their Nigerian counterparts in the Spice Islands and the Silver Ridge. The Thai community is based at Port Bagaaybila, with a large Thai Buddhist temple currently under construction. Their particular experience with building canals and controlling floods have created in their adopted home a system of waterways similar to those found in Bangkok and Venice, which has added a unique character to Port Bagaaybila's city center and port. Tiranians can be found anywhere in New Canberra, and aside from their clearly North American-based accent, are indistinguishable from Australians as a whole. Many younger Tiranians have emigrated to Anchorhead in order to participate in the lively youth culture and vibrant economy found there and throughout Pulau Timor Bahru.

INDEX

5. Government, Military and Law Enforcement

Since the constitutional reforms of the 2180's, New Canberra has had a great deal of autonomy in its internal and Tiranean affairs. Indeed, the only matters the Australian Federal Government has over New Canberra are defense, extra-Tiranean affairs, and monetary policy including the issuance of coins and currency. Additionally, in the event of a loss of communication between Bennelong and Newcentre for any number of reasons New Canberra becomes effectively an independent country, according to both the New Canberran and Australian constitutions. New Canberra also provides at least one member of Australia's Federal Cabinet, the country's executive body.

Officially New Canberra is a "Department" of Australia, and as such is represented in the Federal Parliament by the Minister for New Canberra. During the 2180's reforms there was some controversy over what to call Australia's Tiranean colony. "Colony" was seen as patronizing and degrading, yet New Canberra's distance from Newcentre made outright territorial status or statehood difficult, if not impossible. Department status offered a good deal of local autonomy, yet created the formal link to Australia necessary for the colony to flourish. Often the New Canberra Minister, selected by the New Canberra Parliament, was the only official representative of the colony in the Federal Cabinet, even as New Canberra's population approached that of Australia proper. NovoCanos found no problem with this, as they had proportional representation in the Federal parliament and could influence government by the direction their seats went.

Below the federal parliament are the two regional parliaments, one at Newcentre for Australia proper and the other for New Canberra at Bennelong. New Canberra is unique in having it's own elected head of state, known as the Administrator, who has little actual power. The Administrator merely "rubber-stamps" any laws passed by the unicameral Parliament, as real executive power rests in the Chief Minister. However, NovoCanos take their Administrator seriously, as the post is often filled by a popular elder statesman, celebrity, or retired military leader. Currently, as of 2303 the Administrator's office is held by Erik Olafsson, the retired former head of the New Canberra Emergency Service. Unique among Australian elected positions, the office of Administrator is entirely non-partisan. This is intended to provide an official position of neutrality if Parliament needs to be dissolved for any reason, though at no time in New Canberran history has there been such an action. To provide a check to the Administrator's power, he or she can be removed by a simple majority in a referendum according to New Canberra's constitution, yet as in the case of parliamentary dissolution this option has never been exercised either.

The true political leadership of New Canberra rests in the Chief Minister and Cabinet, who meet in the unicameral Parliament at Bennelong. Other ministries, known as departments, are Social Services, Justice, Infrastructure, Immigration and Community Affairs, Inter-Tiranean Relations, Financial Oversight, Education, and Revenue and Treasury. A Deputy Chief Minister is also appointed, and sits in cabinet meetings as minister without portfolio. This is to prepare the Deputy Chief to take over in the event of death or incapacitation of the Chief Minister, an event that has not happened since the founding of New Canberra. The Chief Minister and Cabinet are appointed by the party with the greatest number of seats in Parliament, or the ruling coalition if no one party holds a majority.

While Federal elections take place once every seven years, selection for New Canberra's parliament takes place every 42 months, or twice during a Federal session. Unlike other Westminster-derived parliamentary systems, election dates are fixed, and any loss of confidence during a session means the government acts as caretaker until the next election, unless new coalitions can be formed. This came as a reaction to the turbulent times of the 2180's, where no less than six governments ruled in a five-year period. 2188, Australia's quadcentenary, marked a turning point in New Canberra's political development. As New Canberra was only then starting to show a profit for Newcentre, the costs of the all-too-frequent elections were starting to mount, and only fresh cash from Newcentre kept the colony solvent. The last government of the period, a rare coalition of the Commonwealth and Labor parties (with the pro-independence Our Nation/Nuestra Patria Party in opposition), pushed for that particular constitutional reform as matters in Australia proper settled down. This overwhelmingly passed, as voters were tired of the constant cycles of falling governments and frequent elections.

The major parties represented in New Canberra's parliament mirror those in Australia proper, both in the Federal and continental governments. Additionally, there are two distinctly New Canberran political parties, which while they never gain enough seats to make an impact on their own are often asked to join coalitions when necessary. This has often led to shaky governments and near paralysis until the following elections, but the past twenty years have seen single-party majorities able to keep the reins of power for longer periods of time. Seats in Parliament are based on single-member districts, with an additional twenty seats awarded at large. These twenty seats are divided between the parties based on the proportion of the overall vote each party receives. This guarantees that any party receiving at least five percent of the overall vote has at least one seat in Parliament, though detractors claim the larger parties use the extra seats gained in this method to boost their majorities, in order to avoid forming coalitions with the smaller ones. Voting is compulsory in New Canberra, yet unlike Australia proper fines for failure to participate in elections are fairly steep, AUD$5000 being the norm. Before the reader finds this excessive, however, please keep in mind that at the current exchange rate A$5000 is worth US$50, or roughly Lv40.

Currently the Labor Party, Australia's center-left party, rules New Canberra with its history in the labor-union movement of the 19th century. Since at that time the movement was influenced by American labor leaders the standard British/Australian spelling "Labour" was changed to "Labor." For New Canberra the major issues of Labor's concern are economic development of the hinterland, support for the unemployed of Duffer's Strip and the Latino areas of Santa Maria and the Nuevas Malvinas (which includes subsidized relocation to economically stronger areas), and improved services to rural residents. Also on Labor's platform are further efforts towards a greater degree of autonomy from the Australian Federal government. Infrastructure projects are another priority, and airfilm and maglev lines linking all the major cities of New Canberra were begun during Labor rule. Additionally, it was during Labor rule that the oversight of New Canberra's internal government passed from the Australian Colonial Office to the New Canberra Minister and New Canberra's own Administrator.

Led by the young and charismatic Chief Minister Stephanie Torres of Ciudad Santa Maria, New Canberra's Labor leadership has taken a more aggressive stance in both Federal and Tiranean matters. With New Canberra's larger portion of Australians as a whole, whichever party wins New Canberra elections also comes to power at the Federal level. Labor currently holds a 75-seat majority in the New Canberran parliament as a result of political errors made by the opposition as well as popular goodwill towards Torres herself. The Deputy Chief Minister is currently Ms. Timah Sustrinoputri of Rum Jungle.

The main opposition comes from the Commonwealth Party, a large center-right party currently ruling Australia proper. This post-Twilight party formed from the center-right coalitions between the old Liberal, National (formerly the Country), United Australia, and Conservative parties. While it does have a more conservative focus it remains somewhat compassionate regarding social issues, and isn't nearly as reactionary as similar parties elsewhere, including New Canberra's own Our Nation/Nuestra Patria. Led by Gary Leung, the primary conflicts in parliament between him and Chief Minister Torres are over social spending, privatization of public services, and relations with the Federal government in Newcentre. Commonwealth feels the oversight of the Bennelong government under the New Canberra Minister and the Administrator to be more akin to" the fox watching the chook (Aus slang 'chicken') house," preferring a greater level of Federal monitoring of NovoCano affairs. Conversely, the Commonwealth Party is pressing for the devolution of government to the regional level, allowing the regions to find solutions to strictly regional matters.

The party made a grave political error in the 2302 election with their "Stuff Steff" campaign motto. While "Stuff Steff" meant simply that Commonwealth wished to "make her unemployed," the fact that the current Chief Minister is an attractive thirty-five year old Latina widow with a pleasing personality made the motto a great deal more suggestively sinister. The phrase was all the more inappropriate given that Ms. Torres' Fleet Command Operations Commandant husband died during the Kafer War. The previous leader resigned from the party leadership as a result of the drubbing Commonwealth took in the polls, and the more moderate Leung acceded to leadership of the party in New Canberra. His deputy, Kylie Falcon, acts as shadow Deputy Chief Minister.

On the fringes are the Progressive Democrats, Australia's far-left party encompassing the environmentalist, radical socialist, and pacifist elements of society. While they do gain seats in Australia proper and the federal parliament, their presence in New Canberra up to recently has been limited to the poorer sections of Duffer's Strip's major cities, areas with chronic unemployment, and the youth vote. Lately Anchorhead's two seats have swung to the "Progs," as that city has been the focus of the Tiranean youth culture, with a corresponding increase of idealistic young immigrants from all over New Canberra and Tirania.

However, dividing New Canberra's Progressive Democrats from their Australian counterparts is a strong Tiranista ethos, and the New Canberran platform for the party includes a debate on independence from Australia and the creation of a federal republic. In fact, the NovoCano Progs is less left leaning than their platform might indicate, as they support the Commonwealth Party's efforts towards devolution. After all, the federal republic they propose will be based on those very regions. The current leader of the "Progs" is the recently selected Julie McKenna, daughter of Tirania's Adjutant General, who began her political career upon achieving Australian citizenship.

National Unity, Australia's far-right party, has even less of a presence in New Canberra than Australia proper. Fighting for what it terms "Australian Cultural Purity," NU's platform opposes non-Australian immigration, free markets, minority rights, and social tolerance. Since New Canberra is officially bilingual and has an even greater degree of multiculturalism than Australia proper, National Unity has yet to gain more than two seats in the New Canberran parliament, neither coming from the twenty at-large seats. Surprisingly enough, one of the seats NU has perennially held is in Rum Jungle, in the district surrounding the ANZAC Monument. However, this is tempered by the fact that Rum Jungle is less than 20km from the Amaterasu border, with a distinctly Tasmanian settlement hostile to New Canberra and Australians as a whole, on the opposite side. While this hostility has never taken a violent turn since the "Hanson Incident," as these Tasmanians refer to the First and a Half Interstellar War, National Unity still uses this as a means of gaining support. The Nationals oppose any further devolution of power from Newcentre, but support the notion of political devolution to the regions. Currently the leadership of the party is in doubt, as the various factions differ on how to approach the issues.

The two political parties unique to New Canberra are Our Nation/Nuestra Patria and the Parti Melayu-Kanbera Bahru. Nuestra Patria favors complete independence from Australia and a stronger emphasis on morality (as defined by Nuestra Patria). The party's peak occurred in the late 2180's, during the constitutional crises affecting all of Australia, as Nuestra Patria came into being following the merger of New Canberra and Santa Maria. While for years Nuestra Patria was the main Latino party, over time the Mariano community found more in common with the Australian mainstream parties. As a result of Nuestra Patria's main support now coming from the Malvino community, the Hispanic Novo Catolico Church heavily influences it and only in the last twenty years has independence been included in the party manifesto. However, in the 2302 elections Our Nation barely kept the three seats it's always held, all from the Nuevas Malvinas region, and lost the one at-large seat it normally gains. The Parti Melayu-Kanbera Bahru taps the Indonesian community for support, stressing Islam and Malay culture and a greater voice for both in New Canberran government. While it does win about five percent of the overall New Canberran vote, with a corresponding at-large parliamentary seat, the fact that it never gains a majority in the community it aims to serve is indicative of the conflict within the Indonesian community as a whole. Parti Melayu advocates official recognition of Bahasa Indonesia throughout New Canberra and the easing of the environmental regulations in Duffer's Strip which prevent further expansion of the region's crowded cities. One current policy the Party Melayu opposes is the relocation incentive being offered to the unemployed of Duffer's Strip. Party Melayu believes that the region and the Indonesian community in general would be better served by the expansion of opportunity in Duffer's Strip itself. As a result, it gains some support among Duffer's Strip's non-Indonesian residents.

Both of these indigenous parties also support devolution of central authority to the various regions, and a debate on New Canberra's political future. In fact, the leaders of both parties, Armando Muņiz de Zavala of Nuestra Patria and Anwar Azzizah of Parti Melayu, have approached the "Prog's" Julie McKenna about presenting a united front on discussing possible independence in Parliament. As there's little else to unite the three smaller parties, little credence will be given to any future "freedom alliance."

In trying to be all things to all people, the New Canberran government has taken in far too much power into itself, creating resentment from all segments of society. There is little input from the various regions regarding their concerns, and in fact this most diverse of colonies has one of the most centralized forms of government of any place on Tirane. For their part the Australian-descended settlers who form nearly half of the police and civil service have worked doggedly to work out these issues, reaching out to disaffected communities, seeking compromises, and generally being willing to talk. But for those who want a voice in their own destinies this isn't enough. Unfortunately, the party that has thus far appealed to the broadest range of NovoCanos opposes this devolution. Whether Labor believes this is a threat to their continued rule of New Canberra or simply a belief that a more centralized government can address issues better with the broader range of resources available is unknown. So long as they remain in power, though, devolution is less likely to occur.

New Canberra is divided into six regions, the largest and most populous being Duffer's Strip. The regions actually have little actual power, and the regional councils often merely administer for the New Canberra government the areas under their control. The larger cities, however, do have a degree of internal autonomy for issues related to urban life. As these cities also have the power to tax property they are generally crowded (to minimize the amount of property taxed), and have vast suburbs surrounding them beyond the municipal limits. Often new cities have to be created from these suburbs to prevent the larger neighbor annexing them, which leads to further sprawl as those who can afford to do so move out further from the city centers. Cities are responsible for internal land use and to some degree metropolitan economic development. However, many of the functions performed by other cities in the Core are the responsibility of the New Canberra government as a whole. These include law enforcement, water and sewer infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, electric power, and communications.

Under the aegis of the New Canberra Department of Justice, the New Canberra Police patrol the entire colony; there are no law enforcement agencies at any lower level, city or shire. Given the all-encompassing nature of the NCP, and the fact that officers can be transferred anywhere within New Canberra, the idea of "community policing" has not taken hold. While efforts are made to make officers stationed in Mt. McDonald, for example, more sensitive to local conditions and culture, conflicts often arise in the poorer kampongs of the city which greater understanding of the citizens might have prevented. This isn't to imply that the officers of the NCP are insensitive bigots, as New Canberra's Department of Justice goes out of its way to recruit from areas most in need of help. However, NCP officers recruited from the kampongs of Duffer's Strip's largest cities often request transfer out of the area, usually to the more peaceful cities of the Eastern Shore and the Pampa. While knowledge of Spanish is required for a posting in the Nuevas Malvinas and the Llano (Santa Maria), proficiency in Bahasa Indonesia is as yet not required for those being sent to Duffer's Strip as it is currently not an official language. The linguistic and cultural differences, as well as the majority in the kampongs being Muslim and most NCP constables being Christian or of other non-Muslim faiths, often negatively affect the quality of law enforcement in Duffer's Strip. It is to the NCP's credit, however, that no Sikh officer has been sent to a Muslim area, nor are Novo Catolico officers sent to Vatican-loyal Catholic neighborhoods.

The Nuevas Malvinas provide another difficult posting for NCP officers due to the low yet increasing level of violent separatist activity. Given the Nuevas Malvinas' origins as a haven for Argentines wishing to avoid absorption into New Canberra, the NCP in particular is seen as the visible symbol of "Australian oppression." Seldom does a month go by without some expression of anger directed at the NCP, either in the form of a car bombing, assassination, or vandalism against government property. While communication with the Malvinos comes more easily than in Duffer's Strip due to the required Spanish proficiency, often these Spanish-speaking constables come from Santa Maria's Roman Catholic community, which creates a source of tension between them and the mostly Novo Catolico Malvinos. However, despite the attacks against them, NCP officers have earned the respect of many Malvinos, particularly as one of their own, Carlos Estefan Rawson, is Chief of the New Canberra Police. Both he and Chief Minister Torres, though, require unusual security while visiting Nueva Cordoba and the Nuevas Malvinas, as both have been targeted by the most militant of separatists for their "selling out to the Anglos."

Elsewhere in New Canberra the NCP has a far better reputation. Those constables who might have had less-than-stellar careers in Duffer's Strip or the Nuevas Malvinas often do better in the Spice Islands, the Eastern Shore, the Llano, and the Pampa, all with stronger economies and therefore lower crime rates. The NCP divides New Canberra into Precincts, often individual city neighborhoods or small towns, and Shires based around the larger cities and towns, with the rural Precincts reporting to the nearest Shire headquarters. Above the Shires are the six regional headquarters, each under a Regional Commissioner. These regional headquarters are at Anchorhead (Pulau Timor Bahru and the Spice Islands), Bencoolen (Pampa), Bennelong (Eastern Shore), Kosciusco (Duffer's Strip), Nueva Cordoba (Nuevas Malvinas), and Ciudad Santa Maria (Llano/Santa Maria). In longstanding practice, the Regional Commissioners are ex officio members of the various regional councils, and advise them on police matters. The headquarters of the New Canberra Police, First Precinct, is in Bennelong's government center, and sits nearly between the commercial and government centers of the city. Surprisingly for it's function, it's not nearly as visibly secure as the other government buildings of Bennelong. This was a conscious decision by New Canberra's first Commissioner, Wayne Cole, who believed that "the Police of this colony should be accessible to the people of this colony, as it is made up of their best." However, while not visible from the street, security measures are taken to protect First Precinct, a fact not lost on many who currently languish in New Canberra's gaols.

The police have a ranking system similar to the Australian Defence Force, with some modifications as described below.

(Rookie) Constable - no insignia.
Senior Constable - one downward-pointing chevron on both sleeves below shoulder.
Leading Constable - two downward-pointing chevrons.
Senior Leading Constable - three downward-pointing chevrons.
Watch Officer - Shield of the New Canberra arms below shoulder (short
sleeve), or between elbow and wrist (long sleeve).
Senior Watch Officer - Shield and fauna of the NC arms.
Leading Watch Officer - Shield, flora, and fauna of the NC arms.
Precinct Leading Watch Officer - Entire NC arms: shield, flora, fauna, and Southern
Cross.
Assistant Inspector - One seven-pointed Federation star on New Canberra flora ("glitter fern"), worn on shoulder board.
Inspector - Two Federation stars on glitter fern.
Senior Inspector - Three Federation stars on glitter fern.
Chief Inspector - Four Federation stars on glitter fern.
Assistant Commissioner- One Federation star on a stylized police baton, worn on shoulder board.
Precinct Commissioner - Two Federation stars on baton.
Shire Commissioner - Three Federation stars on baton.
Regional Commissioner - Four Federation stars on baton.
Chief of the New Canberra Police - Southern Cross on baton.

The NCP's everyday uniform consists of a khaki short- or long-sleeved shirt, dark green slacks, a wide-brimmed felt or standard police hat, and appropriate body armor. Due to the semi-formal nature of New Canberra's Latino society, shorts are seldom worn, and never in the Latino regions of the Llano de Tierra Negra or the Nuevas Malvinas, nor in Duffer's Strip, where stickybushes (see below) are frequently found. When in full-dress regalia, a black tie and green jacket is added to the ensemble. NCP officers with the Special Operations Group (the "Soggies") wear standard Australian military or black fatigues. Constables carry handguns while on patrol in dangerous areas, but aren't required to elsewhere- and don't. Therefore, while everyone in the NCP is required to maintain proficiency, the infrequent necessity of weapon use prevents regular practice. Correspondingly, only those constables assigned to the Special Operations Group can be considered experts in weapon use.

Separate but working closely with the NCP is the Border Police, or BORPOL. Solely responsible for the security of the common border with Amaterasu, BORPOL also works closely with elements of the Australian Defence Force based in the area as well. However, while ADF units are concerned mainly with an unlikely military threat, BORPOL is focused on illegal crossings, smuggling, and area security. Often they are tasked with the apprehension and repatriation of the many illegal border crossers from nearby Amaterasu prefectures, those non-Japanese ethnics that hope to flee their second-class status in the Japanese colony. BORPOL uniforms are dark green fatigues, with a rank structure similar to the NCP, though the Australian coat-of-arms is used for Watch Officers. Dress uniforms consist of dark green high-collared jackets with green slacks. BORPOL constables from Earth frequently transfer from the Papuan border south of Cairns on Earth to Duffer's Strip on a regular basis, but due to the distances involved and the costs of frequent relocation, often those recruited in New Canberra remain there throughout their career.

While in many other places the prison service is separate from the actual police force, in New Canberra police constables in a thirty-year career often do a tour as a warder in the prisons. This leads to many cases where a convict can meet up with the individual constable that initially arrested them, which often lead to interesting situations within the gaols (jails, in US spelling). However, in the century of NCP control of the prison system there have been very few successful escape attempts, all escapees having either been recaptured or killed outright by either pursuing constables or the elements. Unlike the rest of Australia but in line with American practice, New Canberra's four large prisons and ten smaller minimum-security camps (each to be covered in the regional articles) are placed in remote, inhospitable areas. Also, along with the rest of the Tiranean colonies and nations, New Canberra does not impose the death penalty on any convict regardless of the crime.

Acting in an advisory capacity, as well as being the main investigative law enforcement agency in New Canberra, are the Australian Federal Police. Seldom seen in uniform, and indeed seldom seen at all, FEDPOL constables work with the NCP in investigating the worst crimes. Often involving organized crime organizations, particularly terrorist groups operating out of the Nuevas Malvinas, FEDPOL brings a greater experience base in finding and neutralizing the most violent elements of the separatist movement. Most other crimes, large and small, are usually handled solely by the NCP. The actual number and identities of the FEDPOL constables remain a secret, though it's rumored that the actual number is less than five hundred, mainly divided between Bennelong, Ciudad Santa Maria, Nueva Cordoba, Port Bagaaybila, and Rum Jungle.

Corresponding with the New Canberra Police districts are the various Criminal and Civil Courts, with smaller Magistrates Courts at the Shire level. Above them are the regional Appeals Courts, where any appeal begins its journey up through the system, possibly culminating in the High Court of Australia. All New Canberran courts are subordinate to the Superior Court of New Canberra at Bennelong, which is the highest court of the territory, though not the final point of appeal. If it chooses to hear the case, the High Court of Australia in Newcentre has final jurisdiction over any case tried anywhere within the Commonwealth of Australia. Often, however, the High Court lets stand any decision made by the Superior Court, and only twice in a century has a New Canberran case even been heard in the High Court. In neither case did the High Court overturn the decision of the Superior Court.

Criminal cases begin at the Magistrate's Court, where a panel of three elected judges reviews all particulars of the case presented. If the Magistrates determine if the presented evidence is sufficient to take to trial, the case moves up to the District Criminal Court. Here a determination of guilt (conviction), innocence (acquittal), or failure of proof (found "not proven") is decided, either by a jury or by a single judge appointed by the Administrator on the advice of Parliament. In order to prevent tainting of a jury either by the media or by local opinion, juries are transported from other areas of New Canberra, at the Department of Justice's expense, and the trial takes place away from the eyes and ears of the media.

Unusual among court systems is New Canberra's use of the prosecutorial appeal. If a defendant has been found innocent despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, the prosecution is permitted to submit an appeal to the next higher court, the nearest regional Appeals Court. Here three judges, appointed for ten-year non-renewable terms by the Administrator on the advice of Parliament, review the case and the evidence presented and make their decision. Of the prosecutorial appeals presented sixty percent resulted in new trials against a defendant. While many argue that this results in cases of "double-jeopardy," very few prosecutors have actually appealed acquittals, and those that resulted in new trials invariably led to convictions. Any new trial brought up due to a prosecutorial appeal take place in different cities, with different judges and juries.

While the other departments, such as Social Services, Education, Revenue and Treasury, and Financial Oversight are self-explanatory the Department of Infrastructure bears some explanation. It's purpose is the maintenance and upgrading of all necessary infrastructure within New Canberra, including water supply, transportation networks, electric power generation and distribution, colony-wide information technology networks (including satellites), parks, and non-urban land use. Currently New Canberra's largest employer, the Infrastructure Minister oversees a great deal of construction and maintenance activity, and has the largest government presence in New Canberra. It is individual sectors, such as power production and distribution that the Commonwealth Party would like to see privatized. Though such efforts are unpopular with the majority of NovoCanos, out of fear the quality of services provided will suffer in the name of corporate profit, much of Commonwealth's support comes from Australia's and New Canberra's largest corporations, eager to take over the services from the public sector.

Under the Infrastructure Department's aegis, yet working closely with the Social Services Department's health section, are the men and women of the New Canberra Emergency Service (NCES). Claiming its origins in Reverend John Flynn's Royal Flying Doctor Service of the 20th century, the NCES has taken on maritime search and rescue, provision of emergency medical services in remote rural areas, emergency relief in response to natural or catastrophic man-made disasters, and numerous other similar missions. While their colloquial names "New-cess" or "Nuisance" may be less than complimentary, the NCES is highly respected by all segments of NovoCano society. Another role of the NCES comes in providing additional security at the request of the NCP, NCES members being trained in squad-level tactics and in counter-terrorism missions. Any NCES member who excels and shows an interest in counter-terrorism is invited to join NCP Special Operations Groups in each of the major cities. Ranks of NCES staff match that of the NCP, listed above. NCES everyday uniforms consist of "international orange" coveralls, with a formal dress uniform and rank similar to that of the NCP.

All hospitals, save the ADF Medical Command facilities near major bases, are administered by the Department of Social Services Health Division, and are supported by New Canberra's tax system. Any patient requiring treatment will be admitted without regard to ability to pay. Indeed, New Canberra's health care system operates on a single-payer basis, there currently being no private medical insurers or hospital systems operating in the colony. However, the costs of services will be billable to anyone who is admitted due to questionable activity, such as operation of a motor- or hovercycle without the appropriate headgear. Also, any victim of violent acts will receive a visit from a nearby NCP constable for further investigation, particularly if the wounds sustained are the result of firearms (mis)use.

While monetary policy is the responsibility of the Federal government, the Bennelong Mint was created out of a need to provide New Canberra a stable money supply. With a majority of Australians living in New Canberra, it was felt that keeping a major branch of the central bank, the Reserve Bank of Australia, in the colony would ensure that all the Australian territory within the Core had access to a strong currency. The Bennelong Mint produces Australian coins from one dollar up to five hundred dollars. Additionally, the Mint's Banknote Production Division produces $500, $1000, $2000, $5000, $10,000, and recently issued $20,000 dollar notes using polymers originally developed in Australia before the Twilight War. This ensures that NovoCanos never have to fear the collapse of their banks due to an unlikely end to communications between Newcentre and Bennelong.

In addition to Australian coins and banknotes, American coinage is produced under contract, in the traditional American denominations of 1c, 5c, 10c, 25c, 50c, and 1$. Currently the Australian dollar and the American dollar are fixed to each other at a rate of 100 AUD to 1 USD. This difference stems from the fact that the American dollar was revalued following the Conference of Memphis, which unified the Military and Civilian Governments that sprang up following the Twilight War, while the Australian dollar simply lost value over more than three centuries of inflation. This American coinage, with the "B" mintmark, circulates not only in Tirania but America's Rimward colonies as well. The fixed rate between the Australian and American dollars ensures interchangability, excepting perhaps the A$20 coin, the A$500 coin, and the US$2 note and 25c coin (no equivalents used in the other nation). The only major differences between the two currencies are the extra two zeroes in Australian denominations and the use of minor units in the American.

Australian coinage is made of a gold-colored alloy, with jade tints in the highlights. Additionally, the $500 coin is bimetallic, with a silver-colored alloy outer ring. Banknotes are of polymer, and incorporate small holographic and color-changing insets in the "clear window." Australian currency is in 2300AD designed as follows:

Coins Obverse Image Reverse Image(medal format, w/shape)

$1 Sir Henry Parkes, 19th C. NSW Premier, known as "Father of Federation" Wattle leaves, Crux Australis cluster (8mm round, smooth edge)
$2 Thomas Everingham, Prime Minister 2005-2015 oversaw post-TW reconstruction. Koala in eucalyptus tree (12mm round)
$5 Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith, 20th C. Aviator First Australian to fly across Pacific. Drukey (animal native to Tirane) (14mm round, milled edge)
$10 Banjo Peterson, 19th C. Author, wrote "Waltzing Matilda."Jumbuck (animal native to Tirane)
(12mm 12-sided)
$20 Helen Chang, 22nd C. Author, wrote "The Buried Bush," about the pre-terraforming Outback. Platypus (13mm scalloped)
$50 Rebecca Eriksen, 21st C. Rights activist, favored non-Australian immigration to boost depeleted population. Emu (16mm round,
Milled edge)
$100 Susan McEwan, 23rd C. Prime Minister, elected after failure of first Botany Bay colony, pushed for return. Kangaroo (20mm round,
Reeded edge)
$200 Aboriginal, similar to pre-TW $2 coin. Aboriginal art of kangaroo & snake (20mm scalloped)
$500 Sir John Flynn, 20th C. Minister, founder of the Royal Kookabura Flying Doctor Service(24mm round,
Bi-metal)

Banknotes Front Image(vertical format) Reverse image(horizontal format)

$500 (Tree Brown) Kevin Harris, PM 2085-2100, Began Australian diplomatic traditionCanberra Memorial Park
$1000(Ochre Red), Truganini, last Tasmanian Aboriginal Uluru & Kata Tjuta(Ayers Rock & the Olgas, NT)
$2000(Sea Blue) Harold Johnson, NSW Premier 2050-2086, led Sydney renaissance. Sydney Opera House & Harbour Bridge
$5000(Gold Yellow) Ship Commandant Dawn Nguyen, discovered Botany Bay, New Cairns Waterfront, veldt
$10000(Bush Green) Dr. Carole Hogan, led first Zeta Herculis survey Zeta Herculis star &
colony world.
$20000(Red-Violet) Colleen Pangilinan, NC Governor 2181-91, negotiated Santa Maria merger 2183 Honey Ant Dreaming from Pointer Station, Tirane

In popular New Canberran parlance $100 is a "peso," and often prices are quoted in pesos. This has even carried over into the local media, though figures are still written in terms of dollars. Jokes of confused tourists and newcomers (or "two-bobs") shocked at the false introduction of an Australian Peso are popular throughout New Canberra.

INDEX

5a. Military Presence

Australian Defence Force, Tirane Command

The Australian Defence Force (ADF) has a fairly sizeable presence in New Canberra and the Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri star systems. All units present come under the aegis of Tirane Command, with its headquarters at Bennelong's Defender Building, known as "the Big D." While many other buildings in the center of Bennelong are built closely together, unlike the commercial section and similar to other government buildings the Defender Building is surrounded by a large area of land. This includes several parade areas and the Defender's Memorial, a representation of ADF personnel in ground and space combat roles. Defender Building, actually a large complex of buildings, is rumoured to have extensive underground facilities for command and control. Led by Tirane Commandant Anson Yarramana, Tirane Command has operational control over all forces dedicated to the defence of New Canberra and administrative command over all other ADF forces on Tirane and in the Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri star systems.

The ADF is a combined arms force combining all elements of a modern military organization in a single command: an interstellar fleet; a ground force that includes support aircraft; a maritime navy for patrolling the seas; an aerospace force for operating up to and including planetary orbit; an extensive network of military facilities; and full logistics, training and intelligence capabilities. The ADF's primary mandate is the defense of Australia, its colonies and interests. It is also the world's premier peacekeeping force, with individual units trained and ready for deployment across known space to provide the military muscle to back-up any Australian negotiated peace treaty. Australian military forces operate closely with their American allies, sharing technology, tactics and intelligence. Further information on the ADF, including rank structure, order of battle, and available equipment can be found here.

Much to the dismay of Spanish-speaking Australians of New Canberra, the ADF operates entirely in English, despite the official bilingualism of their home. This is meant to maintain proper communications without resort to translators. However, many ADF Reserve units in New Canberra, when not training, use their native languages while on weekend drills in the various reserve centers throughout the colony. While officially proscribed, many facility commanders overlook that minor breach of regulation while the reservists are in their assigned classrooms, though all visiting trainers and units in the field are expected to function in English. Oddly enough, Aboriginal languages have found a niche in the ADF, used primarily as a means of secure communications similar to the use of Navajo "code-talkers" in the island-hopping campaigns of World War II. Communications specialists in the ADF, therefore, are primarily Aboriginal, though many non-Aboriginals proficient in various languages have also been assigned to comms units.

INDEX

6. Spaceport Facilities

New Canberra has two orbiting stations, one each for civil and military use. Visiting warships from both Fleet Command and other nation's navies use Citadel Fleet Station, which also has a small American Space Force detachment handling the American ships that visit Tirania infrequently. This detachment will be moved to the Ronald Reagan Shipyard upon its completion, making room for further ADF expansion. A third facility in orbit around Esa, Esa Fleet Station, is the ADF's primary ship repair yards. Australian Defence Force ships damaged in the Kafer War are all currently here undergoing repair and refit. This includes the ADS Kangaroo, the last assignment of Chief Minister Torres' late husband Angel ("ahn-hel"). As such, the crew of the Kangaroo and other ships undergoing repair at Esa have received a warm welcome during their "dirtside" leaves to all parts of New Canberra.

Pointer Station Orbital Facility

Pointer Station, New Canberra's orbiting civilian station, handles over 70 percent of all interstellar and intra-system travel intended for New Canberra and monitors all other traffic intended for the colony. The station is named for the two stars, known as the Pointers, that align with the Southern Cross in the Australian sky. Interestingly, these stars are Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri. One of the four largest stations orbiting Tirane, Pointer Station can accommodate up to 25,000 people permanently. While this is very large these stations pale into insignificant against Earth's L-5, L-4 and Gateway, each able to accommodate upwards of 100,000 people. The station is a lively, boisterous place, one of the few stations known in human space offering a bar that brews its own beer. This pub, the Dreamer Hotel, offers a live video view of Honey Ant Dreaming, a 90,000 square kilometer Aboriginal art project visible from orbit.

While arrivals from Australia proper and Australia's Rimward colonies receive only a cursory inspection if travelling in Australian-flagged ships, everyone else receives a thorough inspection for items the New Canberran and Federal governments don't wish to see in the colony. These include narcotics, concealable firearms, and any organic matter- particularly live plants and animals not cleared before transit- that could negatively affect agriculture. With a free and lively press, no printed or electronic media is censored or restricted from distribution in New Canberra, but anyone carrying literature of any sort advocating violence against the Australian or New Canberran governments on behalf of any organization will likely find unsolicited surveillance during their stay. Arrivals from INAP countries in particular, and Latinos in general, seem to attract particular attention by the Immigration and Community Affairs officers manning the inspection station. The current Labor government, in no small part because the Chief Minister herself is a Latina, is looking into how to balance the needs of security with the desire for fairness on the part of customs inspectors. However, there have been several recorded incidents in the past twenty years where INAP agents have passed on covert aid to Malvino separatists through Pointer Station. Through agreements with the American government, anyone heading for Tirania undergoes inspection by American Immigration and Naturalization Service agents in the "American" section of the station. However, as in the case of the American Space Force detachment at the Citadel, the INS will relocate their entry clearance functions to Ronald Reagan Station upon its certification by the Customs Service for such processing.

Pointer Station comprises of a central shaft 5 kilometers long with a diameter of 50 meters, this shaft is the main load bearing structure of the station and is a long hollow tube made of a single piece of extruded composite. The shaft is used to move cargo from one end of the station to the other and also has several personnel moving elevators. In the center of the shaft is a large spherical structure, with a radius of 250 meters, this solid structure holds the stations fusion power plants, communications antennas, microwave power receptors, extensive self repair and construction facilities, external sensors, life support machinery and the powerful shield generators. The shields, constantly in operation, protect the station from Alpha Centauri's dangerous radiation as well as being very capable of holding out direct energy weapons like lasers, particle accelerators and blasts from nuclear explosions. Also in the central sphere are auxiliary hanger bays and the station's self-defense weapons. The central sphere is referred to as Pointer Hub and the offices and command centers that run the station and nearby space traffic control are located here.

From the central sphere to the end of the station pointing away from Tirane is the heavy industrial facilities. This section with a radius of ten meters contains zero-g mineral refineries, heavy production lines and several shipyards and air-docks. Halfway along the torus is a wider section with a radius of 250 meters containing eight large shipyards for construction of the largest Australian freighters and liners. The end of this half of the station is the spacecraft-docking bay. A large ring over 250 meters in radius this area contains docks for up to 32 large space ships like the New Orleans-class liners and many smaller ones.

The section of the shaft extending towards Tirane supports the six residential rings, each with a radius of 250 meters that rotate to provide artificial gravity for the 20,000 full time residents of the station. Around the shaft in this section is an additional ring with a radius of 100 meters that provides space for the specialist factories for pharmaceuticals and precision engineering as well as the research laboratories, zero-g recreational facilities (including what the Japanese refer to as a "Love Hotel") and warehouse space. At the end of this half of the shaft is a second docking facility, this dock specializes in the aerospace craft that transfers cargo and passengers to Tirane's surface. This dock can handle hundreds of shuttles, space planes and dead drop craft, and thus is an extremely busy port. At the far end of the torus, pointed at the planet, a zero-gee observation area and pub was constructed. Popular for its stunning views of Tirane and particularly Honey Ant Dreaming, the observation area is often crowded throughout the day.

The station's six ring sections each spins to create one gee of centrifugal gravity on the bottom/outer level of the eight each ring has. The first ring, Pointer One, towards Tirane from the command center is dedicated to incoming interstellar and intra-system craft intended for New Canberra, and has a wide variety of restaurants, bars, hotels, and overpriced tacky souvenir shops. Currency is easily exchanged here, as only Australian and American dollars are accepted within the station. Pointer Two has been leased to the American and Tiranian governments for immigration processing, yet New Canberra Police and Australian Immigration and Community Affairs immigration inspectors ensure that Australian and New Canberran law is adhered to within the station. Therefore the open possession of firearms, while permitted with a license in America and Tirania, will not be tolerated anywhere on Pointer Station. Additionally, while the space is leased to the American government, merely moving from the other rings to Pointer Two does not constitute international flight, and anyone wanted by New Canberran authorities will simply be handed to them by the Americans upon request without further negotiation. This applies to American citizens as well. Remember: the entire station belongs to New Canberra, and their laws predominate. As in the other rings, a variety of commercial establishments are available, yet show a more American flavor. The third and fourth wings are the residential rings, where the 15,000 full-time inhabitants of the station live. Access is restricted to residents and their guests. These rings have become crowded as of late, so no group of people are more excited about the impending relocation of the Americans to Ronald Reagan Station than the residents of Pointer Station, as once the Americans leave Pointer Two it will be converted to more residential space. The fifth ring is the administration and commercial wing where work best conducted under artificial gravity can be located. The last ring serves the interface traffic, where passengers seeking passage dirtside are processed. Pointer Six offers much the same as Pointer One, yet with less of the opportunity for long-term stay.

Among wealthy NovoCanos, as well as many other Tiraneans of means, the use of orbital stations to get to destinations on the planet faster is a fashionable means of travel. A businessman from Bennelong, for example, can meet with business associates in Mirambeau by simply hopping a shuttle to Pointer Station, taking a shuttle to one of Nouvelle Provence's orbital stations, then shuttling down to Mirambeau. In comparison with regular air travel if the connections are exact that same businessman can save nearly fourteen hours on the trip. However, the interface costs to and from orbit are much higher than he would have paid had he simply taken a plane.

The control staff of Pointer Station operates in a crisp, professional manner, which completely belies the friendliness and general humor of NovoCanos. While these controllers are quite capable of maintaining their composure during any crisis, it is joked that the Infrastructure Department goes out of it's way to find the most humorless individuals possible for orbital and interface traffic control. To their credit, in the eleven decades since the first Australian station was placed in orbit, no fatality or major mishap has ever occurred to any of the thousands of space and aircraft that came under the control of a New Canberra Infrastructure Department flight controller. Per a 2293 agreement in the Tirane Council, New Canberra is permitted twelve percent of Tirane's orbital space, between that allotted to Amaterasu and Provincia do Brasil.

Fleet Space Station Citadel

The Citadel, as it is known, was the greatest white elephant of the ADF in the spacefaring age. Defense planners in the middle of the 23rd century decided that planetary defense was best trusted in a giant orbital platform packed with weaponry and repair facilities but unable to maneuver in stutterwarp. The product of this thinking cost so much that Australia was forced to delay the construction of the third generation of principal combatant from the 2260s until the 2290s, leaving the older Australia and Woomera-class ships over pressed and comparatively out of date until the introduction of the Anzac-class.

A giant sphere with a radius of 250 meters the Citadel has an internal volume of 50 million cubic meters. The surface is dotted with gun towers, target tracking arrays, sensor and communications antennas. The central core of the station along the "up-down" axis is an enormous hangar with very large doors on either end of the sphere, this hangar has a volume of one million cubic meters and contains air-docks, shipyards and repair bays. Eight "smaller" hangers for interface landers, fighters and drones are also provided around the main core.

Two large counter rotating spin habitats are embedded inside the hull and rotating around the central hanger bay. They provide enough accommodations, recreational areas and offices for up to 10,000 permanent inhabitants. The station is fitted with powerful shield generators like Pointer Station's, which are intended to protect the human crew from excess radiation and also protect the station during battle from enemy weapons. Recently the Citadel has being operating with only a quarter of the designed personnel, leaving many facilities unused. This can be attributed to many Fleet Command personnel being transferred to both ADF ships in the ESA arm, as well as the large buildup occurring at Zeta Herculis. Still, space was found for a detachment of American Space Force personnel and their equipment, and these "Men (and women) In Black" with their families make up fifteen percent of the station's current population.

Federation Proprietary Manufacturing Yard

This yard trails Citadel Fleet Station, and supported by it. Wholly owned by the Australian Federal Government, the Yard is at present the primary shipbuilding facility for the Australian Defence Force. Currently repairing many of the ADF ships damaged in the Kafer War, many of it's uncompleted hulls were placed in orbit around Esa until such time as yard space opens up. This has angered many Australians, colonial and core alike, as while ships that can be repaired at Citadel Fleet Station are being repaired at Federation Proprietary, the upgrading and expansion of the fleet is being held up by that work. Citadel may well be a "white elephant" in the minds of many in government, but for the time being the need to bring it up to it's full potential is weighing heavily on defense planners in both Bennelong and Newcentre.

Coral Sea Station

Coral Sea Station, orbiting Tirane at the exact point of demarcation between Amaterasu's alloted space and that granted to