| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From |
To |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Iraq |
|
|
|
|
Colour Code: |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
600k |
120k |
|
Lower Palaeolithic |
|
|
|
|
Barda Balka |
|
|
|
|
Sumerian |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
120k |
60k |
|
Middle Palaeolithic |
|
|
|
|
Hazar-Merd |
|
|
|
|
Akkadian |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
60k |
35k |
|
Middle Palaeolithic |
|
|
|
|
Shanidar (D) |
|
|
|
|
Amorite |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
35k |
10k |
|
Upper Palaeolithic |
|
|
|
|
Shanidar (C) |
|
|
|
|
Babylonian |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zarzi |
|
|
|
|
Assyrian |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palegawra |
|
|
|
|
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
10k |
7000 |
|
Mesolithic |
|
|
|
|
Shanidar (B) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kerim-Sheher |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Melef'at |
|
|
|
|
Dates vary; |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
7000 |
5000 |
|
Neolithic |
|
|
|
|
Jarmo |
|
|
|
|
Experts differ; |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hassuneh |
|
|
|
|
Most likely dates taken. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
5000 |
4500 |
|
Chalcolithic |
|
|
|
|
Matarreh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hassuneh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Samara |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From |
To |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Iraq |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
4500 |
4000 |
|
Chalcolithic |
|
|
|
|
Halaf |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eridu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qal'at Haji Muhammed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
4000 |
3500 |
|
Chalcolithic |
|
|
|
|
'Ubaid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Sumerian King List |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Before The Flood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From |
To |
|
NUN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3110 |
3111 |
3103 |
8 |
Alulim |
|
28k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3105 |
3103 |
3093 |
10 |
Alalgar |
|
36k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3100 |
From |
To |
|
BADTABIRA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3095 |
3093 |
3081 |
12 |
Enme-Enlu-Anna |
|
43k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3090 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3085 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3080 |
3081 |
3073 |
8 |
Enme-Engal-Anna |
|
28.8k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3075 |
3073 |
3063 |
10 |
Dumuzu |
|
36k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3070 |
From |
To |
|
LARAK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3065 |
3063 |
3055 |
8 |
Ensi-Bzi-Anna |
|
28.8k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3060 |
From |
To |
|
SHURRUPAK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3055 |
3055 |
3050 |
5 |
Enme-Endur-Anna |
|
18.6k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
3050 |
|
|
The Flood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Sumerian King List |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
After The Flood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From |
To |
|
KISH (First
Dynasty) |
|
From |
To |
|
URUK (First
Dynasty) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2750 |
2750 |
2740 |
10 |
Gaur |
|
2750 |
2740 |
10 |
Meski-Agga-Sher |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2745 |
2740 |
2732 |
8 |
Gullan-Idaba-Anna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2740 |
2732 |
2731 |
1 |
? |
|
2740 |
2720 |
20 |
Enmer-Kar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2735 |
2731 |
2730 |
1 |
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2730 |
2730 |
2729 |
1 |
Ba-xxx |
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
Ur (Pre-Dynastic) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2725 |
2729 |
2728 |
1 |
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Royal Cemetery) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2720 |
2728 |
2725 |
3 |
Gali-Buum |
|
2720 |
2700 |
20 |
Lugal-Banda |
|
2720 |
2700 |
20 |
Mes-Kelem-Dug |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2715 |
2725 |
2718 |
7 |
Kalu-Mumu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2710 |
2718 |
2711 |
8 |
Kag-Agiib |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2705 |
2711 |
2706 |
5 |
Atab |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2700 |
2706 |
2699 |
7 |
Atabba |
|
2700 |
2675 |
25 |
Dumuzi |
|
2700 |
2660 |
40 |
A-Kelem-Dug |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2695 |
2699 |
2693 |
6 |
Arpium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2690 |
2693 |
2680 |
13 |
Etana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2685 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2680 |
2680 |
2677 |
3 |
Baliih |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2675 |
2677 |
2671 |
6 |
Enme-Nunna |
|
2675 |
2650 |
25 |
Gilgamish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
|
|
AWAN |
| 2670 |
2671 |
2664 |
8 |
Melam-Kish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2560 |
|
|
3 Kings |
| 2665 |
2664 |
2654 |
10 |
Barrak-Nunna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
UR (First Dynasty) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2660 |
2610 |
50 |
Mes-Anna-Padda |
|
From |
|
|
HAMAZI |
| 2655 |
2654 |
2653 |
1 |
Mesza-xxx |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2540 |
|
|
Hadanish |
| 2650 |
2653 |
2650 |
3 |
Tiizgar |
|
2650 |
2610 |
40 |
Ur-Nun-Gal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2645 |
2650 |
2642 |
8 |
Ilkuu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
|
|
ADAB |
| 2640 |
2642 |
2632 |
10 |
Iltas-Aduum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2500 |
|
|
Lugal-Anna-Mundu |
| 2635 |
2632 |
2625 |
8 |
Enme-Barage-Si |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2630 |
2625 |
2620 |
5 |
Agga |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
|
|
MARI |
| 2625 |
From |
To |
|
KISH (Second
Dynasty) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
136 |
6 Kings |
| 2620 |
2620 |
2603 |
17 |
Shu-xxx |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2615 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
AKSHAK |
| 2610 |
|
|
|
|
|
2610 |
2600 |
10 |
Utu-Kalama |
|
2610 |
2560 |
50 |
A-Anna-Padda |
|
2540 |
2510 |
30 |
Unzi |
| 2605 |
2603 |
2602 |
1 |
Dada-Sig |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2510 |
2504 |
6 |
Unda-Lulu |
| 2600 |
2602 |
2572 |
30 |
Mam-Agalla |
|
2600 |
2595 |
5 |
Laba-Sher |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2504 |
2498 |
6 |
Ur-Ur |
| 2595 |
|
|
|
|
|
2595 |
2590 |
5 |
Ennun-Dara-Anna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2498 |
2478 |
20 |
Puzur-Shahan |
| 2590 |
|
|
|
|
|
2590 |
2565 |
25 |
Mes-He-xxx |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2478 |
2454 |
24 |
Ishu-El |
| 2585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2454 |
2447 |
7 |
Gimil-Sin |
| 2580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2575 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
LAGASH (I) |
| 2570 |
2572 |
2556 |
16 |
Kalbum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2570 |
2550 |
20 |
En-Hegal |
| 2565 |
|
|
|
|
|
2565 |
2550 |
15 |
Melam-Anna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2560 |
2540 |
20 |
Meski-Ag-Nannar |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2555 |
2556 |
2531 |
25 |
She-E' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2550 |
|
|
|
|
|
2550 |
2514 |
36 |
Lugal-Ki-Anna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2550 |
2540 |
10 |
Urnina |
| 2545 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2540 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2540 |
2510 |
30 |
Elulu |
|
2540 |
2510 |
30 |
Lugal-Sha-Enger |
| 2535 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2530 |
2531 |
2516 |
15 |
xxx-Nunna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2520 |
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
URUK (Second Dynasty) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2515 |
2516 |
2492 |
24 |
Enbi-Ishtar |
|
2514 |
2480 |
34 |
En-Shakush-Anna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2510 |
2480 |
30 |
Balulu |
|
2510 |
2494 |
16 |
Akurgal |
| 2505 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
UR (Second Dynasty) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2495 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2494 |
2465 |
29 |
Ur-Nanshe |
| 2490 |
2492 |
2475 |
30 |
Lugal-Mu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2485 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2480 |
From |
To |
|
KISH (Third Dynasty) |
|
2480 |
2452 |
28 |
Lugal-Kinshe-Dudu |
|
2480 |
2450 |
30 |
Lugal-Kinshe-Dudu |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2475 |
2475 |
2460 |
15 |
Ku-Baba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2465 |
From |
To |
|
KISH (Fourth Dyn.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2465 |
2455 |
10 |
Akur-Gal |
| 2460 |
2460 |
2435 |
25 |
Puzur-Sin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2455 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2455 |
2425 |
30 |
E-Anna-Tuma |
| 2450 |
|
|
|
|
|
2452 |
2400 |
52 |
Lugal-Kisal-Sin |
|
2450 |
2425 |
25 |
Lugal-Kisal-Si |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2445 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2440 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2430 |
2435 |
2429 |
6 |
Ur-Zababa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2425 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2425 |
2400 |
25 |
? |
|
2425 |
2405 |
20 |
En-Anna-Tuma I |
| 2420 |
2429 |
2399 |
30 |
Zimudar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2415 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2405 |
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
URUK (Third Dynasty) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2405 |
2375 |
30 |
En-Temena |
| 2400 |
2399 |
2393 |
6 |
Usi-Watar |
|
2400 |
2371 |
29 |
Lugal-Zaggesi |
|
2400 |
2375 |
25 |
xxx - Gi |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2395 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2390 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2385 |
2393 |
2382 |
11 |
Ishtar-Muti |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2375 |
2371 |
4 |
Ka-Kug |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2380 |
2382 |
2371 |
11 |
Ishme-Shamash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2375 |
2371 |
2368 |
3 |
Nannia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
From |
To |
|
AKKAD |
|
2375 |
2365 |
10 |
En-Anna-Tuma II |
| 2370 |
|
|
|
Akkadian Domination |
|
|
(2371) |
|
Akkadian Domination |
|
2371 |
2316 |
55 |
Sargon The Great |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2365 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unified Sumer & Akkad) |
|
2365 |
2360 |
5 |
En-Antar-Zi |
| 2360 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2360 |
2359 |
1 |
En-Li-Arri |
| 2355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2359 |
2352 |
7 |
Lugal-Anda |
| 2350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2352 |
2342 |
10 |
Uruk-Agina |
| 2345 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2340 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2342) |
|
Akkadian Domination |
| 2335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2330 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2325 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2315 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2316 |
2307 |
9 |
Rimush |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2310 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2305 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2307 |
2292 |
15 |
Mani-Shtusu |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|