Having established that
Herbert was gassed at the Second Battle of Ypres in April and May 1915, the
next step is to try to identify the actual attack. It has already been
established that Herbert almost certainly served with the 27th Division, and
possibly with the 19th brigade or 67th battery of the 20th brigade. A search of
the 27th Division's artillery war diaries is therefore required for April and
May to look for a possible gas attack.
Although it is the 19th brigade and 67th battery that are of
most interest, all the artillery brigade war diaries of the 27th Division are
checked for completeness.
Each of the three
artillery brigades will be discussed in turn.
|
| Men of 2nd Batt. A&SH wearing early gas
masks consisting of goggles to protect the eyes and a pad impregnated with chemicals over the mouth. (Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum, London - Q 48951) |
1st Brigade
The
1st brigade war diary is not particularly detailed and non of its batteries
kept war diaries. There is however a typed copy of the 1st brigade commander's
contribution to Brigadier General Stoke's (CRA) papers "Recollections of Ypres
1915".
The war diary states for 20th April "Germans
shelled whole area using new chemical which made eyes smart and had choking
effect". In "Recollections of Ypres" it is stated that tear gas was used on
24th April. As far as casualties were concerned it is just stated in the war
diary for the period 20th April to 27th April "During all the above period
the wagon lines & communications through Ypres were heavily shelled and
many casualties caused".
On 24th May the
war diary states "Germans attacked at 2.45am with gas and heavy artillery
all along front from Menim road to Railway......". Casualties stated as 2
wounded and 1 killed. Recollections of Ypres states "...The gas was very
trying as we had only indifferent respirators".
It is possible that the 1st brigade suffered up to 2 gas
casualties on the 24th May if the commander listed gas poisoning as wounding
and maybe some gas casualties towards the end of April, but the diary is very
vague during this period.
19th Brigade
All
the batteries of the 19th brigade kept separate diaries (although not for every
month). The 19th brigade war diary itself is of average quality.
For April, the 19th brigade war diary makes no mention of gas. For May, it names all the brigade's casualties. Herbert Halliday is not mentioned and neither are gas casualties. There is only the smell of gas mentioned on the 24th May. It therefore seems very unlikely that the 19th brigade suffered gas casualties during the Second Battle of Ypres.
20th Brigade
Both
the 67th and 364th batteries of the 20th brigade kept separate war diaries. The
20th brigade war diary itself is of a high quality, as are those of the
individual batteries.
For April, the 20th brigade war diary makes no
mention of gas. The entry for 2nd May states that at 5 p.m. "Northern
observing officer reported that yellow gas fumes were being ejected toward our
trenches.....". At 5.10 p.m. "67th Bty very heavily shelled.....
Casualties (for brigade) 1 killed and 11 wounded". There is no other
mention of gas in the 20th brigade war diary for May. At the end of the month
the war diary states "Total casualties for the month of May:- Officers - 1
killed, 2 wounded. NCOs and men 2 killed, 27 wounded, suffering from effects of
gas - 2 men".
The 67th battery war diary
sheds more light on what happened to those two gas victims. For the 2nd May the
war diary states "..... In the wagon line 2 drivers were wounded and at the
forward observing station 2 gunners were partially asphyxiated by poisonous
gasses from hostiles shells & bombs and admitted to hospital".
It would seem that the 20th brigade suffered two gas
casualties during the Second Battle of Ypres and they were incurred by the 67th
battery on the 2nd May. It is also interesting that the 20th brigade only lists
wounded on this day. If the total number of wounded that were reported in the
20th brigade war diary for May are added up, they come to 2 officers and 29
NCOs and men. Yet at the end of May they are reported as 2 officers, 27 NCOs
and men and 2 gas casualties. This clearly indicates that gas casualties can
also be reported as wounded.
What happened to Herbert Halliday?
From the medal rolls it was shown that Herbert
disembarked on the date that the 19th brigade and 67th battery disembarked. The
19th brigade appears not to have suffered gas casualties at the Second Battle
of Ypres, however the 67th battery suffered two gas casualties, the only gas
casualties suffered by the 20th brigade. The situation regarding the 1st
brigade is a less clear.
Did Herbert serve with the 67th battery and was he gassed on the 2nd May 1915 at a forward observing station? This seems unlikely. According to the casualty list in the Times he held the rank of driver when gassed, yet the commander of the 67th battery states that 2 gunners were gassed. It could be that Herbert's rank as listed in the Times is incorrect, but again this seems unlikely as there is other evidence that he was a driver. If Herbert wasn't gassed while serving with the 67th battery, we are just left with the vague references to gas in the war diary of the 1st brigade. But Herbert disembarked the day before the 1st brigade disembarked. Or did he?
© Chris Morton - Updated 24th December 2000 - Home