Dear Benny Letters

Rabbi Julius Kyanski (1872-1954) was my maternal grandfather. Benjamin (Benny, 1905-1996.) was his youngest son, and my uncle. In adulthood Benjamin added the forename Bernard, and changed his surname from Kyanski. He adopted his mother Johanna's maiden name of Gelles, and modified it to Gillis, as some family members had already done.As Bernard Benjamin Gillis, he had a distinguished career at the Bar, becoming a Q.C., and later, a Judge at The Central Criminal Court (The Old Bailey.) Throughout his life, Uncle Bernard, whilst not always adhering to the strict letter of religious practice, maintained an abiding love of both Jewish tradition, and our family's background of scholarship and learning. Grandfather Kyanski's letters to his son, show clearly his own love of learning, his strong religious beliefs, and his anxiety that they should be passed down to future generations. Though deeply observant, he was yet a contemporary man, well versed in secular knowledge, well read and well informed. He could quote from great literature and philosophy as easily as from the Bible. He loved good conversation, enjoyed listening to the radio, and always kept up to date with his daily newspaper. His letters are, at one and the same time, a socio/political record and a piquant, sometimes heart rending family history. His own failing health is mirrored in the later letters, but it is the thundering, prophetic voice of the earlier ones that echoes most passionately to us down the years. The family members, victims of Nazi Germany, referred to in the pre-war and early war years, were all relatives of Grandmother Kyanski. (see family tree) Grandfather's family had left Eastern Europe for England and Canada a generation earlier. The task of compiling this volume has been one that I have laboured over with much emotion, and reflects the feelings of great love and respect in which I hold both of my illustrious forebears.

14 Beech Grove Rd, Newcastle on Tyne.
August 22nd 1938.

Dear Benny,
I am pleased to hear that you are all well and enjoying good health. I deeply appreciate your desire for me to stay with you while in London, and nothing appeals more to me than to spend all my leisure time with you. But being of an independent spirit, I should prefer to stay at some Jewish Boarding House or private home in your vicinity - or near Highgate. I could then devote the whole day to you, to go about, or sit in your garden if the weather is mild.
You will agree with me it is much nicer this way, not to bother you or your maids with special attention, or the peculiar demands of an elderly person, which can be expected in a Boarding House or private home. It is more convenient for both of us, and as soon as you can find a Jewish Home near you, I am ready to come. I intend cancelling my holiday in Southport, since the weather is still cold, and will rather spend some time in London renewing old acquaintances.
I am glad to hear that you are writing to Harry, and generously assisting some members of the family. This has been my practice for forty years, and I do not regret it. I find a pleasure in giving, especially in these uncertain days when we are living on the edge of a precipice, and what we possess is threatened to become conscripted or confiscated. The Prophet says, 'By virtue of Charity, Israel's redemption shall be realised.' Likewise shall we be saved from plunder and robbery, through the medium of Charity - generosity.
Even to hold a large part of our earnings in trust for others, as Jewry is doing now, by contributing largely to the various Funds, is preferable, than to be obliged to hand it over to an Hitlerite regime. Let us be grateful that our portion is placed in pleasant lines, that we can willingly and voluntarily give, without compulsion or hostile force.
Trusting you are all well, with best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael.
Your Loving Father.

14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
August 28th. 1938.

Dear Benny,
I have received your letter and am glad to hear that you are all well. I intend to come to London P.G. on September 8th. and spend the time with you, and visit our relatives. The weather does not seem to improve, and I contemplate cancelling my holiday in Southport. In the meantime I am spending some days in various places around Northumberland.
Milly has not enjoyed her holiday in St. Annes owing to the freak weather, and in addition her Austrian maid ( a sponsored refugee from Nazism.) became ill and had to be sent to the hospital.
I have not heard from Isaac since I left London. I daresay he already returned from his holiday with his better half. Has she improved in health and has the holiday been beneficial to her?
You have more time now to spend with Michael. Why not get a Hebrew Primer - a modern Picture Hebrew Primer - and let him pick up a few words daily. He looks intellectual, and in a playful manner he may imbibe some elementary Hebrew.
You will remember when I had the difficult task of teaching Jacob Weinberg who was a spoilt child; I gave him many a lesson when he (had) climbed a tree, teaching him the names of the branches, leaves, fruits and vegetables in Hebrew. I had to invent, every day, a new method by which to infuse his mind with eagerness to learn. Otherwise he would never have learnt. These were trying days which the next Minister was spared, for he could not put up with him, and the result was that the poor Minister had to leave.
With best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd.
Newcastle on Tyne,
Sept 25th 1938.

Dear Benny,
Standing on the threshold of a New Year, it behoves me to offer you a few words of hope and encouragement. The last day of the year is sinking back into the horizon in the midst of a menacing cloud. The world is threatened with a conflagration that might consume the whole of civilisation.
At such a time Israel is flocking to the sanctuaries, the Synagogues, to beseech the Divine Judge for life and peace, for salvation and redemption, in full faith and confidence that G. in whose hands are the destinies of nations, will deliver us from the peril of a world war.
At such critical stages we should rekindle the flame of faith and spiritual courage in our midst, and not give way to despair. How appropriate is the Prayer for life, which is rehearsed during the Penitential days. How befitting this Prayer is in the present season of tension in the world.
This Prayer ''Remember us for life,' 'inscribe us in the Book of life,' which thousands and tens of thousands of our people will be uttering tomorrow, is sure to emanate from the heart on this Rosh Hashanah, and like the Psalmist, in similar circumstances, who had the joyful confidence of faith, when he chanted, 'The L. is my light and salvation, whom shall I fear?' Likewise let us not fear, but trust in the L. who has always been the stronghold of the faithful.
In my prayers on these sacred days I shall earnestly appeal that both individually and collectively we be granted a Happy and Prosperous New Year, a year of peace, health, and above all a year of redemption and salvation for our downtrodden and suffering fraternity.
Wishing you both and our darling Michael, Kesivah ve chasimah tovah , (Heb. May you be written and sealed in the Book of Life.)
Your Loving Father
and Grand - Pa.

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14 Beech Grove Rd.
Newcastle on Tyne.
21st Oct. 1938.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter inquiring after my welfare. As I do not write on Chol Hamoed you missed the greeting for Yom Tov. I was fairly active during the High Festivals, and spoke at both Synagogues. I was eager to give words of courage and hope to my people during the tense period of the world's peace that prevailed during Rosh Hashanah and the Days of Penitence.
Thank G. that a brief respite has been granted to us, a breathing space - so that perhaps the Western Powers may be able to bring about, by the help of G. a lasting peace. Here is not the place to discuss world politics, but as the Jewish saying is 'temporary security is also worth something.' It gives one time to contemplate how to escape from danger, (and) what means to adopt. May the Father of Mercy protect the world from another cataclysm, and soften the hearts of the rigid and tyrannical rulers, who have set their minds to destroy the last vestiges of justice and righteousness on the earth.
Let me know when Ruth and her husband are coming to London, so that we may spend some time together. It was robbery to charge £45 for visas, such an exorbitant price. Instead of other countries helping the sufferers from persecution, they put up the prices of visas. It is an exhibition of the world hatred against the 'Eternal People.'
Have you written yet to Harry? Let him hear from you. I received a letter and photo of his little girl. (Shirley) She looks well.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael Jonathan.
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
November 17th.1938.

Dear Benny,
I have written to Dayan (Heb. a judge of the Rabbinical court) Lazarus about Siegfried, and he said that we can get him out of Germany if I make myself responsible for him. My opinion is that if he could stay in London, there is much more chance for him to get some small congregation or Synagogue. The question is whether after he had reached here, would he be allowed to take a position, or is it necessary for him to receive a 'call' from a congregation.
I think that if you get in touch with the Beth Din (Heb. Rabbinical court) you might be able to do something that would be favourable for Uncle Siegfried. You can refer to my correspondence which will influence the matter. If Uncle Siegfried is able to speak (preach) in Yiddish I could influence the Ravensworth Synagogue to appoint him their Rabbi, but I am afraid he is not frum (Yidd.. pious) enough for them.
This would be a means of getting him here as a Rabbi with an appointment. Then what about his wife and family? (In order) to keep him alone, all the members of the family, I assume, would help, but it is difficult to undertake to support the whole family.
Aunt Leah wrote to me and begged me to get Siegfried away, but she does not realise what it means. Anyhow, the late conditions in Germany make it our paramount duty to endeavour to release him from that hell of a country. Try and get to know all details about him from Auntie Leah, he is very foolish not to write to me or you.
Trusting you are all well, with best love to you, Jessie and Michael.
Your Loving Father.
Reply immediately and do your best.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
December 1st. 1938.
Dear Benny,
I just received information from Rolf that Uncle Siegfried has been interned, and we must use every influence to move matters on his behalf. It has come to my knowledge that Dr. Hertz (the Chief Rabbi) is making an effort to release from Germany forty well known Rabbis and bringing them here.
Can you enquire and get to know whether Siegfried is one of them. Everything must be moved to obtain a permit for him to be released from a hell like Germany. I assured the relatives in Germany that we are doing our best to save Siegfried and his family. I also obtained information that a brother-in-law of Eduard, whom you met last year, has been interned, and his wife is asking us to use our influence with the Home Office to help her to immigrate. What is to be done to save all these afflicted people, who could have escaped earlier, but waited for things to change? Let me know exactly what to do, that I may help you in my humble way in these difficult and painful matters.
We are arranging here to take a number of German (Jewish) children, and many of my congregants are coming forward to provide homes for these innocent sufferers.
We had Commander Locker Lampson here last week who appealed for the Polish Fund, and a large sum of money has been collected. He is a true friend of Jewry, and a fine type of Englishman, somewhat like the outstanding character of a Gladstone, - Christian and humane.
Trusting you, Jessie and Michael are well, with best love and hope that a merciful Providence will ease the tragic condition of Klal Yisroel. (Heb. the community of Israel)
Your Loving Father.

P.S.
I have just received an invitation from the Chief Rabbi to attend a meeting on Tuesday next in connection with the Refugee children. He asks us to make a special effort to be present. I shall let you know when I am coming.

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Literary and Philosophical Society,
Newcastle upon Tyne 1.
December 2nd. 1938.

Dear Benny,
I (have) made up my mind not to come to the Public meeting as contemplated yesterday. We can do all that is necessary for the Refugee children without attending the meeting and inconveniencing oneself by travelling at this time of the year.
With Sabbath greetings and love to all,
Your loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
January 13th. 1939.

Dear Benny,
It was a change to see you last week-end, and gives me satisfaction to see you looking so well. Your visit is like a tonic to the body, and a delight to the mind, which cheers and invigorates. You are the only one among my children with whom I can converse on rational topics, and therefore, your visits bring me joy and happiness.
I thought you were going to hasten the permit for Aunt Dinah, and I am still waiting for the Form you promised to send . . . (please send) the Form immediately.
With best love and Sabbath greetings to you, Jessie and darling Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
Feb 9th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I am glad to her that Siegfried and his family safely arrived. I am not doubtful that before long he will secure a position for himself and not remain a burden upon the family. He is of an independent spirit, and may in the meantime perhaps obtain some students whom he could coach.
I was busy when I returned here with meetings, and yesterday I fully officiated at a wedding when both the Bride and Bridegroom were my former pupils.
With reference to a small collection, I am afraid it will be difficult, as my members are called upon heavily under the present conditions, to support hostels for the refugee children, and other various local requirements. Anyhow I shall make an attempt.
I have written a long letter to uncle Siegfried welcoming him and his family, and offering him a few courageous words.
With best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

'May the L. bless you for saving a whole family from a trying and dangerous position.'
Yevorechacho (Heb. May you be blessed.)

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
February 21st. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I can realise the terrible plight of uncle Siegfried, and sympathise with you, who has to bear the brunt of the burden. I made an attempt last week to approach some of my members on behalf of Siegfried, and was advised not to do so.
You know the Talmudical proverbial saying, 'A prisoner cannot free himself from prison.' which signifies that one can do for others, one can collect (money) for strangers, (but) not for your own.
I am stretching a point in this case, and enclose (a) Cheque for £10 towards the £41 expenses. I do not understand why the other members of the family are not shouldering the burden. Surely Isaac could contribute something, and not cast everything upon you.
Let the family economise and fress (Yidd.. overeat) a little less, or leave (out) the pictures (movies) for a time. Let them learn self - denial and hurt themselves a bit. I daresay Jack Rose gives his share, for he is a gentleman.
I had the Flu all last week which is the result of staying out different nights, and coming into a cold house. I intended to go to Harrogate for a fortnight to recuperate, especially now, when I have no one in the house, but rather, I am enclosing the £10 for Siegfried's debts. If the permit for Aunt Dinah is so slow in being granted, it is not too great a sacrifice on my part, not to take anyone in the house as Caretaker.
I am at present managing like a Yeshiva Buchur, (Heb. theological student.) staying some nights with friends, spending the afternoons and evenings in the Lit. (Literary and Philosophical Society.) and at Mrs. Kraut's.
Let me know whether you went with uncle Siegfried to Dayan Lazarus. I wrote him a letter of introduction and asked him to do his best.
Trusting you are well, with best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

Grandfather now begins to concern himself with the problem of doing something for his nephew Joachim. Joachim, usually known to the family by the diminutive, Jochel, was Siegfried's son and probably in his late teens at this time. The anxiety over Dinah, Grandmother's sister, still remains.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
March 3rd. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I have received your letter which is almost like a Megillah. (Heb. Holy scroll, by usage, something verbose) I shall write to Rabbi Dessler who is . . . influential with Mr. David Sassoon - a friend and admirer of Jewish learning. I think it would be advisable to get in touch with Mr. Sassoon who undoubtedly would stand by a young man of Jochel's calibre.
I know (of) several young men, Chazanim (Heb. cantors) and Rabbinical students who approached him personally, and were liberally assisted. He is a thorough gentleman and accessible to deserving applicants.Mr. Sklan of Stamford Hill Synagogue is a substantial supporter of the Yeshiva (Heb. theological college) - he knows me well. I have been tutor to his two brothers, and an intimate friend of the family. You can get in touch with him by phone, and tell him who you are, and I am sure he will do his best for Jochel . . .
Let me have the new address of uncle Siegfried. What are the girls doing? (three sisters of Jochel. Ruth and Recha, [twins] and Judith) . . . I am not going to leave a stone unturned, and you can assure uncle Siegfried that I shall try to do my best.
With Sabbath Greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
March 10th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I received quite a friendly letter from Rabbi Dessler who is prepared to do his best for Jochel. Try to get in touch with Mr. Galinsky who is the President of the Yeshiva, and mention my name to him. Have you approached Dayan Lazarus about uncle Siegfried, and have you succeeded in impressing him with the scheme?
I understand that the members of the family would come forward and offer hospitality to Siegfried and his family, so as not to necessitate taking a flat for him, which will entail heavy expenses. Other families have done so with their German relations, and saved incurring a heavy burden.
It is strange that the Permit for Aunt Dinah is not through yet. I was advised to approach the local M.P. who would contact the Home Office.
It is very awkward to keep an empty house and wait indefinitely. I know it is not your fault. In the meantime Dinah is suffering, as she had to leave her flat by order of the Nazis.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
March 16th. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I have received a letter from Dinah, in which she desperately urges (us) to consider her case. She has been turned out of her flat and with difficulty obtained lodgings. Now, I understand, there is an obstacle in the way of getting Yutta, her daughter, to obtain a permit.
Last Sunday when visiting Milly in Leeds, she told me that the Home Office demands a guarantee of £50 to be paid, before they can grant a permit.
Why are you unable to get Yutta to come over with a children's transport? She is not 17 yet, and I understand that until this age Woburn House can bring her over with the Transport of Refugee Children.
Endeavour to do your best and hasten on this matter, as it is urgent.
With best love to all and Sabbath Greetings,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
March 23rd. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I am in receipt of your last letter and am glad to hear that you, Jessie and Michael are well. I had a nasty chill and was laid up for a few days, but thank G. I am practically fully recovered.
I have not heard yet from Woburn House in reference to Aunt Dinah and more than four weeks have passed since the application has been made. It is very awkward to stay alone in the house, especially at this time of the year.
Siegfried complains (that) the family never comes to see him, and he and Jochel are still idle at home. I suggest that you should go with Jochel to see a Mr. Galinski, the President of the London Yeshiva, and urge his case. Mr. Galinski knows me well, and I am sure he will receive you cordially. You know as I do, that a personal talk is more effective than a host of letters. See also a certain Mr. Sklan who lives in the same neighbourhood.
I received a letter from one of the secretaries of the Yeshiva, asking whether the Principal had already seen Jochel and examined him. It seems that nothing has been done, and you must endeavour to push matters. 'One who commences a virtuous act, should determine to complete it,' is a saying of our Rabbis and by hastening matters you may succeed in getting Jochel a grant.
Have you seen Dayan Lazarus and what does he advise? You should also endeavour to get a grant for Siegfried from the German Aid (Committee) since there are several refugees locally who get as much as £3 weekly. It would relieve the family from a burden of which it is incapable to bear for long.
I am going to Leeds for Passover P.G. and will travel at a convenient time on Good Friday.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
March 31st. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I was listening (to the radio) last night to some legal expositions (that) you broadcasted, and your voice was clear and the words accessible, to the plainest individual.
I am spending Passover in Leeds with Milly and her family. I am constantly being worried by Siegfried, who thinks that I exist for the purpose of being drained by the family. This causes me to be indifferent about Dinah coming here, and I intend to withdraw my guarantee. I shall be obliged to schnorr ( Yidd. beg.) all over in order to satisfy ungrateful relatives.
I shall apply to the Ministry of Labour and get Dinah over through that organisation, so that if she makes herself a nuisance, she can go as Housekeeper somewhere else.
Arthur wrote from Berlin, and I sent him Matzos for Pesach, which entailed expense and bother. I do not mind doing that, but Siegfried is getting beyond me.
Wishing you a pleasant and peaceful Passover, with Sabbath greetings and best love to all, and particularly to dear Michael, who will ask the Ma Nishtana, ( Heb. the Four Questions.)
Your Loving Father.

Grandfather writes his next letters from Leeds where he is spending the Passover festival with my parents, Milly and John Goldstone, my sister Joan and myself. (nine and four years old respectively.)

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80a, Harehills Avenue,
Leeds, 8.
April 16th. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I was delighted to read that you spent the Second Seder night with Siegfried and his family, which relieved them in their loneliness.
I am surprised at Dayan Lazarus' letter, which sounds ridiculous as well as indifferent. . . To my mind, Jew's College is the place that Jochel should contrive to enter. I shall endeavour to come over next week P.G., and see what I can do. . . As far as Gateshead (Yeshiva) is concerned, it is overcrowded with foreign boys, some who have no knowledge of Talmud. Then again, it is always advisable to obtain the Rabbinical Diploma from highly standing authorities, and not, as Rev. Swift got it, from his brother-in-law Rabbi Fish.
A Rabbinical Diploma will not be recognised by the Chief Rabbi and the Beth Din, unless it is granted by outstanding Rabbis, and not by these Rabbonim who disparage everyone and know little themselves.
If you know anyone that is acquainted with Mr. Japhet the President of the College, go and see him. I think that Mr. (Ashe) Lincoln, the lawyer, who told me once that he knows you, would be of great assistance in our case. . .
I had a pleasant Yom Tov, Joan asked the Ma Nishtana explicitly and clearly, and followed the Seder Service well. She reads Hebrew fluently, and knows quite a large amount of Scripture History.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

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80a Harehills Avenue,
Leeds.
April 8th. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I intend coming to London on Wednesday. . . Will you kindly make an appointment with the Chief Rabbi for me, as he is acting temporarily as Principal. (of Jews College) I shall stay a few days till some thing concrete is done. (for Jochel) I was advised to meet Dr. Daiches, Dr. Epstein and Mr. Japhet. . .
At the same time, I shall approach the Woburn House Committee, with reference to Dinah.
Trusting you are all well, with Festival greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael,
Your loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.May 5th. 1939.

Dear Benny,
I have been, last Sunday, to a Bris (Heb. circumcision ceremony) of Barney's. (Barnet Goldstone, John Goldstone's brother and Uncle of Gillian.) It was quite a change, and ( I ) met all the members of the (Goldstone ) family.
Siegfried, I learn, has not recovered, and is still confined to bed. His letters are full of despondency, and it seems useless attempting to cheer him. Perhaps you could visit him more often, and offer him words of cheer.
Jochel is very studious, and devotes all his time to learning. I cannot obtain a penny from the local refugee committee, as they have a great struggle in providing for the (?) hostel. I am expecting to hear shortly from the College, and on Tuesday Jochel was interviewed by one of the Professors who said that he will have to go through a course of three years, to obtain the B.A. degree.
In the meantime, I shall have to get a tutor to teach him English, which is an additional expense. I have not yet heard about Dinah. Has the Permit come through yet?. . .
We are filled with anxiety concerning the international situation. I do not know whether to arrange to leave for Cumberland, or the West Coast. Let us hope that the tension abates.
How is Michael getting on? I daresay you are making arrangements for Jessie and Michael to be away from London.
Mammy is about the same, still in bed. It is wonderful that she keeps moderately well, which is due to the nursing, which is favourable.
Trusting you are well, with best love to all and Sabbath greetings,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
July 4th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I delayed in answering your letters, as I was waiting to hear about the Permit. Mr. Phillips informed me last week that the Permit is through for Aunt Dinah. He thinks it will take another six weeks before she arrives here . . .
I should want you to seek advice (on) how to avoid heavy Custom duties. Jochel told me that if Dinah travels with a German boat it will be cheaper, and the Customs (duties) will be much less. Perhaps she could come straight to the North Eastern ports, and save the fare and railway freight from London.
I have just returned from the funeral of Simon Jackson, who died on Monday morning, after an acute heart attack. He was ill for a long time and I have been visiting him daily. He was a fine fellow, (and) sympathetic, and felt a deep esteem for a Talmud Chacham (Heb. Talmud Scholar.) His son Joe was near his father day and night. I paid a tribute - Hesped - (Heb. Funeral oration) to his memory at the Cemetery, which was very impressive. Kindly send a letter of condolence to the widow and the family. The deceased and Joe always enquired after you and held you in great esteem . . .
Jochel is making good progress . . . It will take yet about a year before he is ready for the Hatorath Horoah. (Heb. Rabbinical Diploma. ) I am surprised Siegfried thinks it will only take a few months. He ought to know better, but being what he is, one cannot wonder. His excited ( sic) nature and impulsive mood will not recognise facts, and therefore I leave to you the task to gradually convince him of his error. As a lawyer knowing the Psychology of human nature, you may succeed where others fail.
How is Jessie getting on, are you going anywhere for a holiday? I may shortly go to Southport . . ..
Trusting you are all well, with best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd.
Newcastle on Tyne.
Shabbas Sholom July 7th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I am in receipt of your letter and pleased to hear that all is well with you and yours. I wrote to you that Mr. Phillips told me last week that the permit for Aunt Dinah is already through. Now, to my surprise, I received information from Woburn House that my application has just been received by the Home Office, and the reply is still pending. Have you heard anything about the Permit? From what source could Mr. Phillips have obtained this information?
With reference to my plans for the summer holidays, I am awaiting the clearing up of the international condition. I intend, however, to take a holiday shortly in Southport . . .. I think, in case of any serious development of war, I am of the opinion, that it is safer in Southport, which is near the West coast.
I am advised to go to Carlisle where the children of Newcastle will be evacuated. But the question of Jewish food arises. What do you advise? If it were quiet I would prefer Bournemouth, which did me a lot of good last year, and then I am able to see you and the others for a while in London.
The principal thing is to firmly believe in the protection of Providence, and not be alarmed. I daresay you wrote a letter of condolence to Mrs. Jackson and the doctor. Isaac does not write at all, how is he getting on?
With reference to obtaining an engagement for Siegfried on the High Festivals, he should get in touch with the various secretaries of the United Synagogue or the Federation, and watch the new Minyanim (Heb. prayer quorum) in the suburbs of London. I find that uncle Siegfried and even Jochel are not alert and pushful enough, like the rest of the refugees, but depend too much upon their relatives to be carried along.
Some of the refugees here are very pushful in their demands, and surprise me by their audacity. No door seems to be closed against them. Why our relatives have sufficient Chutzpah to us, and not where it is essential, puzzles me.
Jochel is already about six weeks in Liverpool, and has not made any acquaintance with influential people. I have written to (names indecipherable) to welcome him to their homes. But Jochel himself is slow in making good use of these families, to recommend him to the heads of the Liverpool Kehillah, (Heb. congregation) so that he may get, now and then, some official duty to perform . . ...
Have you heard further from Harry? Mammy has been slightly better, but she is still confined to bed.
I shall close as time is pressing, with Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael, whom I long to see. If the international trouble will get eased I may come to London in the latter part of August.
Your Loving Father.

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14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
July 14th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I paid a flying visit to Leeds on Tuesday to see the new residence of Milly. It is a nice and cosy house with a fine garden. The neighbourhood is very select and almost like (the) country.
My daily prayer is that we all be spared a world-war, the tragedy of which is racking everyones nerves. One cannot enjoy the amenities of life with thick clouds overhanging the horizon.
How are you getting on? I intend going to Southport P.G. at the end of this month, trusting that the international tension will be eased by then and the brute Hitler will begin to see reason, not to plunge the world in(to) a blood-bath.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

Have you received any letter from Harry?

14 Beech Grove Rd,
Newcastle on Tyne.
July 20th 1939.

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Dear Benny,
I received your letter enclosing the note from Harry asking for another £10. To my mind he comes before all the German relatives. I am enclosing a cheque for £5 and would have sent more, but I need to keep some capital for myself.
Dr, Shockett (has) advised me to go under the X rays, as I have developed some bowel trouble. He thinks it is nothing to be alarmed about, but he wants to be sure. I had some attacks of indigestion, though at present I am relieved, and after an examination yesterday, he came to this conclusion. I am thinking of arranging for the X rays investigation locally, and will fix it for next Wednesday or Thursday.
It appears that Dinah will never get here, as many refugees for whom applications were made later, have already arrived. What is to be done? The useless relatives are arriving. Will you urge Woburn House to move in the matter. Unless you worry the German Aid Committee, it may last forever. There is another relative who wishes to be released from the cruel bondage, and an acquaintance appeals pitifully for her. Perhaps you may get someone as guarantor, or to bring her over as a cook.
Siegfried asked me to take him to Bournemouth for a holiday, he does not seem to worry about Jochel or the girls. He should try to give lessons, Hebrew or German. I sympathise with you in your present responsibility. Why should not Leah or Isaac do something? Our relatives do not say 'veyitten lechoh' (Heb. quotation from Saturday evening prayers) they have not learnt to enjoy . . . giving.
Will you kindly add £5 to my gift of £5, and cable Harry £10.
With best love to you, Jessie and Michael
Your Loving Father.

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On August 4th, Grandfather sends a postcard from Southport, expressing his pleasure at being 'greeted with glorious weather.'

93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
August 7th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I am in receipt of your letter and glad to hear that you are all well. I am taking a full rest, and even stayed away from Shool (Yidd.. synagogue) this weekend. I felt almost exhausted after undergoing the X rays test, and its whole procedure of preparation, that I deemed (myself) justified in taking a complete Sabbath rest. Thank G. I am recuperating splendidly, and the weather in general is fine, with the exception of a few alternate showers.
I am sorry to hear that you are burdened with so many demands by our refugee relatives, but what can we do? We are to do our utmost to relieve them in their distress. I am enclosing a £1 cheque towards the Labour Permit for Horst, (Dinah's son) and hope that he will obtain work. I understand that he remains in France.
Although a little while ago I contemplated moving to Leeds... now I have decided otherwise. I do not know whether to attribute this to (keeping my) personal dignity, Kavad (Heb. personal esteem) or the weakness of still retaining the Honorary position of Rav, rather than becoming a layman without any Portfolio. I am still functioning and doing good work in Newcastle, which gives me satisfaction, and my Executive and prominent members feel hurt that I should (want to) leave.
The Immigration Committee in Woburn House have not informed me that Aunt Dinah has obtained her permit. I would prefer that she comes straight to Newcastle, if boats sail from Hamburg to Newcastle, and thus save the railway fare from London.
I am staying here for about two or three weeks.
With best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael
Your Loving Father.

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93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
August 11th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I was glad to hear from you and Jessie that you are both in good health. The weather is fair with intervals of small showers. I am out a great deal along the beautiful walks and paths for which Southport is noted.
Have you heard yet anything definite about Dinah? I am not officially informed whether she has obtained the Permit. I hope she arrives at least for Rosh Hashonah, and that nothing startling happens in international conditions.
What moves will be made on the world chessboard, we cannot be aware of. It appears that Satan waits to perform some wild feat, in the season of our most sacred days. Last year on Rosh Hashonah the Munich crisis took place, and this year something may happen in the early days of September, when Hitler thunders forth at the Nuremburg assembly his desires and wishes.
Anyhow make inquiries at Woburn House, so that I may know when to expect Dinah. In the meantime, I am staying here, and will endeavour to meet Jochel in Liverpool next Sunday.
Are you staying in London and not taking a holiday this year? A change would do Michael some good and (help) you both to forget the daily monotony and routine.
With Sabbath Greetings and best love to you both and darling Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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In the next letter it becomes clear that Grandfather is expecting Dinah to come and live with him, possibly to act as his housekeeper. Grandmother had been confined to a nursing home for some years. Dinah was her younger sister.

93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
August 18th 1939.
Shabbat Shalom.

Dear Benny,
I have decided to remain another week here, firstly owing to the improvement of the weather, and secondly, to be enabled to attend the meetings of a Convention of Religions, which are to be held all next week.
Have you heard anything about Aunt Dinah? Not being in Newcastle her letters, if any, do not reach me here. I was in Liverpool last Sunday and met the Rosh Yeshiva (Head of the Seminary) who is highly pleased with Jochel. The boy is very studious, but would like to help his parents materially. I understand Siegfried worries him to collect a sum to enable him to go to some holiday resort to recuperate.
He has been asking me for the same, but after all my expenses with Harry, and commitments for the future (in order for me) to live like a Mensch (Yidd.. dignified person) comfortably with Dinah, my income will need replenishing now and then from my reserve fund, - the little I saved in the past. I therefore refused to send, or accompany him to Bournemouth, and naturally he is disappointed.
It is strange that he will not consider circumstances, that we are living in abnormal times, and he should be thankful for what is done for him. Do not mention this to him, for being highly sensitive, he will resent my entrusting you with this matter.
I shall close now as the Sabbath is approaching, with Sabbath Greetings and best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
September 1st 1939.

Dear Benny,
I have returned here on Wednesday evening from Manchester. I had a pleasant time there; the members of this part of the family are very affectionate and should not be neglected.
The world conflict has started, unfortunately, and G. only knows what the outcome will be. It is raging now in Poland where three million of our brethren are located, and we dare not think of the disaster and suffering, this war of fire and blood is causing.
In this dark hour, when Satanic Evil Forces are stalking through Europe in the effort to gain World Dominion, we must humbly beseech G. for his deliverance. We pray daily.
'The Divine is near to all that call upon Him' provided 'they call upon Him in truth,'
The call for Divine deliverance must emanate from a firm and full conviction, that He is the only power who can protect and deliver, defeat and frustrate, the plans and schemes of Reshoim (Heb. evil ones.) Let us pray! - May the Merciful Providence protect us all in this catastrophe, that all our near, dear ones be spared, and saved mentally, morally and physically, and that suffering Israel may emerge honoured and respected; his integrity as a nation, worthy to live his own life in Zion, recognised by the whole world.
'Be of good courage. The Salvation of the L. is in a moment, as quick as the winking of an eye;' to use the parlance of the Rabbis.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and darling Michael,
Your Loving Father.

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93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
Sept 3rd 1939.

Dear Benny,
I am pleased to hear that you, Jessie and Michael, Milly and her children, with (cousin) Milly and Jean, will all be together. I think that it is not advisable for me to travel now, since war has been declared. Otherwise I should long to be with you.
Here the house is crowded, Mrs, Kissinisky's father and other members of the family, are herded here together. The father of Mrs. Kissinisky is Fred Cohen, the brother of Rabbi Harris Cohen, and though of my Mishpocho (Yidd.. - relatives, family) I always preferred them at arms length. But what can one do in an emergency like the present one? One has to put up with inconvenience, and worst still, with uncongenial companionship.
I left practically everything in Newcastle, (and am) without books, without winter clothing, as I expected to return after a short holiday. I simply took my Cheque Book, and sent my address to (the) London Pensions Department, and to the Treasurer of the Council of my Synagogue.
Have you heard from Dinah? Has she arrived from Germany?
With best love to all, and may the L. protect us all in this grave hour.
Your Loving Father.

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93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
Sept 7th 1939.
Shabbat Shalom

Dear Benny,
I am in receipt of your letter and glad to hear that you are all well. I am gradually settling down here, and making the best, under the present abnormal circumstances. Every house is being taken up here by people who are flocking to this place, which is regarded as a safety zone.
You say that you are setting up a home in Bath, and wish me to make my home with you. I eagerly welcome the idea, but I should like to know beforehand whether Bath has a Jewish community. Here there is a fine Jewish community, with a sprinkling of Talmudai Chachomim,(Heb. Talmudical scholars) and have already made some friends with whom I can converse in Torah. (Heb. Five Books of Moses)
Then again, Rosh Hashonah is so near, and on these sacred days, it is essential to live in the midst of a Jewish community. If I can be assured that Bath has a Jewish community, however small it may be, I am ready to join you. Otherwise, I prefer to remain here over the High Festivals, and join you after Yom Tov. Let me know when you are already settled and if convenient I shall wait till after Yom Tov.
I received a letter from Mr. Isaac and he scorns the idea of running away from Newcastle, and living in exile. What a brave man? He does not realise the danger.
Anyhow, keep me informed of the family movements, and let me know what Isaac and his family intend doing. Milly has not written, I do not know where she is at present.
With Sabbath greetings and best love to all
Your Loving Father.

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93 Hampton Rd,
Southport.
September 13th 1939.

Dear Benny,
I am in receipt of your letter and pleased to hear that you are all well. Milly has come here with the children and would prefer to take a home in Southport as it is not so far (from Leeds) as the South. I would be pleased that you too, would join (us) and the family could be together in these trying days.
I have seen a house with five bedrooms, with front and back gardens and all conveniences. It is a palatial residence, and together it would be cheap. Let me know immediately, so that I may settle. I would have my furniture moved from Newcastle, and there would be no need of any expenses.
'May you be inscribed and sealed in the Book of Life' (original in Hebrew) for a Happy and Prosperous New Year and (be given) personal safety and security from all peril in these dark and grave days, which we hope will be speedily brought to an end by a Merciful Providence.
Your Loving Father.

P.S.
May the earnest prayers of the Jew, who beseeches the Divine on these sacred days to bring about the realisation of the ethical truths propounded by the prophets of old, be accepted by Him, and then we shall live in a world where Justice, righteousness, humanity and brotherliness will prevail.
In such a world, perfected and improved ideally, can our afflicted and persecuted people hope to obtain their rights and privileges, to live in their own land, and live their own life, fulfilling their destiny nationally and spiritually.

40 Ash St,
Southport.
July 21st 1940.

Dear Benny,
Having heard that you have been called up to perform your duty in helping this country in her struggle for a righteous cause, I herewith wish you health, strength and courage to fulfil your obligations satisfactorily.
'May the L. bless you, guard you and shield you.'
This simple and beautiful Priestly Benediction - concise and brief, but rich in significance, I feel, is appropriate for this occasion, that has far reaching consequences.
I will conclude with the words Chazak V'ematz (Heb. be strong, be resolute), the watchword(s) given to the warrior Joshua.
May G. bless you,
Your Loving Father.

Do not forget to drop a line now and then. I shall pray for your safety.

There are now no more letters until December 1944, presumably the exigencies of war prevented any that were sent from being preserved. My Uncle Bernard (Benny) served in the Royal Air Force for the duration, leaving his hard worked for legal practice in abeyance, to be re-established after the end of hostilities. He served in various postings in Great Britain and the Commonwealth, rising to the rank of Squadron Leader. My Aunt Jessie and cousin Michael spent some time in Canada, in order to be closer to him.
Dinah never arrived in England. Aunt Jessie recalls that 'she was turned back at the (German ) border.' She perished in Auschwitz. It is presumed that her disabled brother died similarly.
Grandmother Kyanski died in a nursing home in the north east of England in 1940. A few years later, Grandfather remarried. This is the wife he refers to in subsequent letters.
Some of these letters bear interesting witness to the austerity which this country underwent in the post war period, particularly the shortage of paper. Grandfather uses any suitable scraps of paper he can find, covering each sheet closely, and where necessary, writing in the margins. Envelopes are re-used by turning them inside out, and used yet again by pasting on another address.

40 Ash Street,
Southport.
December 31st 1944.

Dear Benny,
Your letter at hand and we appreciate the difficulty of travelling with Michael who still has a chill. It is a thousand pities that you are unable to stay with us, as we have the accommodation and ample convenience. There have been many people on holiday here, so Southport must have more attraction than other places, even in the winter.
We get some spells of nice weather in the midst of icy cold days, and are spared the fog and mist of Manchester or Leeds. I was looking forward to the privilege of giving Michael some Hebrew lessons, and having the ideal enjoyment of imparting the rudiments of the sacred language to the youngest of my grand-children.
Anyhow, as soon as you are capable to travel with Michael, we are ready to receive you all with open hands. I wish to impress (on) you, that my home is still the parental home, open for all my children to be cordially welcomed.
With best love to you, Jessie, and darling Michael, in which my dear wife joins,
Your Loving Father.

40, Ash Street,
Southport.
February 4th 1945.

Dear Benny,
Your letter which was anxiously awaited came as a relief the other day. Jessie and Michael could have stayed here until accommodation could have been found. It is awkward for Jessie to wander from place to place, when she might have comfortably stayed here.
You know that you are made welcome by us, and bear in mind that the paternal home is always open for you. What a loveable boy Michael is! He surely (would have) loved to stay with us, and would have benefited both physically and spiritually. Make an endeavour to advance his Hebrew studies, and I think in Reading (where Benny was posted) there are opportunities offered in that direction.
Many thanks for Jessie's letter and the P.C. from Michael, with such endearing terms. Psalm 23 'The L. is my Shepherd' I should like him to learn and recite by heart.
I will close now, with best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which my dear wife joins.
Your Loving Father.

40, Ash Street,
Southport.
March 26th 1945
Nisan 12th 5675.

Dear Benny,
On the Eve of Passover I cannot refrain from writing to you and Jessie, and sending you my Festival greetings. In former days when normal conditions prevailed, Passover was the Festival distinguished by featuring the Family characteristic.
All children, even those married, with their families, graced the Board of the paternal home. Imagine the joy, the happiness, such family gatherings heralded in, on this festive occasion. Mutual love, sympathy and devotion were the salutary results of such gatherings, and helped the filial and fraternal bonds to become lasting and enduring.
Now, we have to forego all this and be content to be present in mind and thought when chanting the Hagadah (Heb. special home prayers for Passover) on the Seder nights.
I am enclosing a short comment on an important passage of the Hagadah, and hope you will expound it at the Seder. You will find my comment interesting and thoughtful.
Wishing you both and Michael a pleasant Festival in which my dear wife joins.
Your Loving Father.

B'chol dor v'dor chiyov odom liros ess atzmoh k'hu yotzoh mi'mitzriyim.
'In every generation each individual should regard himself as though he personally had gone forth from Egypt.'
This passage of the Hagadah used to baffle us when we read its injunction to identify ourselves with the generation of the Exodus. Surely this was to carry the historical memories very far back, (In order) to put ourselves in the conditions of our ancestors, a knowledge of history is intended to act as an incentive to (our) conduct, to stimulate those who enjoyed freedom, and all that it connoted, to labour for its universal recognition.
We were (to be) in a sense, vicarious in suffering, for we (had) pinned our faith on human progress, and cherished the hope that never could the world sink back.
Now, we have come to know the meaning of personal identification with the Passover idea. No longer is it a shallow phrase to serve (only) as a text for the Preacher. It is a pathetic truth that reminds us that the evil things against which our early ancestors fought in Egypt, are still rampant, and that the battle which began by the banks of the Nile, still rages.
Are the re-inforcements being hurried to the field to fill the ranks of the fallen? In this faith we greet our Passover.

(My personal identification with the Passover idea.)

23 South Avenue,
Buxton.
July 3rd 1945.

Dear Benny,
We are here in Buxton and will stay till the 13th inst. I am undergoing treatment, as last year, a bodily seasoning which is advised medically. The weather has been bad the last few days, and so it appears to have been over the whole country.
By now you will be settled in your home, and enjoying its comforts. There is nothing like home, sweet home.
I mentioned to you when we met, that the Arian College (?Aria College a Jewish boarding school.) provides for children above ten years of age the facilities of a sound Jewish education and secular training, with Board for £100 per annum.
Why not take advantage of this offer? Here is an opportunity for Michael to get a sound Jewish training, in the fine environment of a Jewish background. Surely you do not wish your child to grow up as an Am-horitz. (Heb. ignoramus.)
It has been well said by an eminent Jewish authority, 'No system of religious education can be called successful, if the child is not well informed in the fundamentals of Jewish life and practice, if it does not look upon Jewish obligations as self-evident privileges, and if it has not achieved a thorough knowledge of the Bible and a familiarity with Rashi, (the renowned mediaeval biblical commentator) the Siddur, (Heb. prayer book) with Israel's main ideals, principles, historical background, and with the main heroes and events of the past, down to the present day.'
Do not miss this golden opportunity of doing your duty by Michael, so that he becomes a worthy asset to the family, an intelligent and loyal Jewish youth. Now is the time, in the impressionable age of childhood, not later, when character is already formed on alien lines, antagonistic to Judaism.
Trusting you will approve of my advice and fulfil my desire, with best love to all.
Your Loving Father.
My dear wife joins (me) with wishes of best love to you, Jessie and Michael.

The next two letters refer to the marriage of Yutta. Yutta Rita Isaacsohn was the younger daughter of Dinah, and was rescued from Nazi Germany and brought to England by the family. She subsequently joined the women's branch of the army, the A.T.S., as she said, in order " to express my thanks to the country that had taken me in." It was in the army that she met her future husband, Rolf Benzell, a Kenyan farmer serving with the Commonwealth forces.

115 Sussex Road,
Southport.
Mazel tovJanuary 10th 1946.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and pleased to hear that you are all well. Milly and the children were here last week for a few days. They all enjoyed themselves, and the few days served as a break for Milly.
She told me about Yutta getting married shortly to a soldier, whom she got to know in the service. Have enquiries been made that everything is genuine, and what is the standing of the young man, his calling, his reputation and character? Let us hope everything is satisfactory, and that Yutta will be happily provided for.
You and Jessie deserve all praise for preparing the wedding entertainment and welcoming the guests in your home. It is a noble and virtuous deed, to cheer the heart of an orphan girl on her wedding day, and help her to attain her highest object in life, to be married in the midst of family surroundings, and accompanied with their blessings and good wishes on this joyous occasion.
To mark the occasion I am enclosing (a) cheque for £1.1.0. (one guinea) as a wedding gift and wish the happy couple G. speed on their life's journey. May their enterprise be crowned with success, and their life's horizon filled with sunshine and illumined with brightness.
At the festive-board, express on my behalf, the heartiest congratulations and best wishes, and conclude with the Priestly Benediction.
With Sabbath greetings and Mazel-Tov to all
Your Loving Father.

Dear Michael,
How are you getting on? I expected to hear from you about your welfare, your daily progress and activities. Perhaps you are too busy with school and homework to spare the time. Anyhow, a few words now and then will do.
Affectionately,
Your Grand-Pa.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
January 18th 1946.

Dear Benny,
I am glad to hear that the wedding festivity was held in your home, and that the family gathering met for the occasion. One of the most virtuous deeds, say our Rabbis, is to contribute towards enabling an orphan girl to marry.
And what a fine gesture it was on the part of Jessie, to prepare the festive meal to the satisfaction of all. I feel honoured that you were the host and Jessie the hostess on this joyous occasion, and in addition by (your) proposing a humorous and eloquent address, bringing cheer and joy to the hearts of Yutta and her young man.
At the same time it impressed the young man with respect, seeing that the girl comes from a decent and dignified family. Milly wrote that she and John were indisposed, and could not travel to London.
The passing away of Dr. Hertz (the Chief Rabbi) is a severe blow to all Jewry. Now, at this tragic moment of our peoples fate, a leader who knew the diplomatic cunning of the powers that be, and was in contact with them always, would be a mighty factor in helping and relieving our distressed brethren on the Continent. His death is an irretrievable loss, difficult to be replaced.
The Yahrzeit (Heb. anniversary of a death) of poor Mammy is on (the) 8th Adar, which corresponds this year with February 9th, which falls on the Sabbath Day. You light up (the candle) on Friday Feb 8th before dusk. Shabbos you can attend Service and try to get Haphtorah. (Heb. reading from the Prophets)
I will close with Sabbath greetings and best love to all in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
March 29th 1946.

Dear Benny,
You are quite right in complaining about my irregular correspondence, but must make some allowance for age. It appears that there is a growing tendency to slacken in energy when one is nearing his seventy-fifth Birthday.
The winter has been a long and severe one, and now that the weather has changed for (the) better, I feel that to stay out in the fresh air is almost imperative. Naturally I do an amount of Talmudical and classical reading, but not with (the) zest and vigour as before. The flesh is weak, though the spirit is eager, and I must go about leisurely. Hence my neglect of regularity in correspondence, or remarks on any important subject.
Many thanks for the Books on Hebrew History, and the Canadian Paper relating the activities of leading Jewry in the sphere of Zionism. They are up and doing, in spite of British policy and antagonism towards the consummation of a National Jewish Home, which is meaningless without being a Jewish State. Nothing less than a Jewish State will solve the Jewish problem.
I would feel fortunate were you to join the Palestinian Club where classes are established to further a knowledge of the Hebrew language, and lectures are delivered on Hebrew literature and even Talmud.
Why not devote some time to gain a knowledge of the language which would give you an insight of Judaism, and offer you a spiritual delight. I am sure it would not take you long, and then you would learn to appreciate our ideals the more.
There is a great difference in the outlook upon life a Talmud Chachom (Heb. gifted student of Talmud) has, and in these days of faithlessness and despair, we need cheer and hope to remain loyal to our calling as Jews. Nothing else but a fair knowledge of Hebrew and its literature can help us to face the world with fortitude and courage, to sustain our fervent belief in the future of Israel.
In spite of all opposition to our people, in spite of extermination and Vigilant (? right wing) Societies, we have faith in the prophetic saying that predicts success, and that Israel will emerge out of all these onslaughts and deadly attacks, unscathed and intact.
'Every weapon formed against thee shall not prosper, and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgement, thou shalt condemn. This is the heritage of the servants of the L.' Isaiah Ch. 54 - Verse 17.
Israel's vindication in history is assured; neither might nor malice can destroy the Servant of the L
With Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which my dear wife joins.
(unsigned)

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
Friday June 7th 1946.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your Packet of literature to while away the period of convalescence. I only came home this morning, and endured Yom Tov amid a strange environment.
I recalled the years when Shevuous (Heb. Pentecost) night was spent in deep meditation and recitatives of Scripture, Mishna and selections of Gemorrah, (Heb. scripture commentaries) a practice and custom to frame the mind and create a sublime atmosphere, facilitating the Kabolas Hatorah, the reading and acceptance of the Decalogue. (Ten Commandments)
The earnest Jew on Shevuous, the Festival that marks the Anniversary of the Revelation at Sinai, identifies himself with his ancestors as part of that illustrious audience who stood at the foot of Sinai. Therefore it is customary to spend the night in devout meditation as a preparation for the great event.
Imagine my feelings when deprived of that sacred vigilance, the serenity, the spiritual, delightful moments, (when I was) reluctantly compelled to languish in hospital, snatching now and then, a few chapters or paragraphs of the prophets. Thank G. I am at home now, and hope to recover. I am very weak and need a great deal of nourishment to regain normal strength.
Annie was and is doing her utmost. For nearly four weeks, two or three chickens a week had to be brought, in order to keep me going, besides other nourishing things. Poor Annie ran daily, two or three times to the hospital with food. I only had a cup of tea or milk, and tasted none of the food prepared in hospital. It is mainly due to her efforts that I was able to come home this morning.
The House Surgeon gave me a letter to my private doctor in which my case is explained, and I am to stay and rest at home and partake (sic) medicine. Instructions are given in this letter for my treatment, confidentially to my doctor.
Pardon (me) for not giving a vivid picture, an exquisite and eloquent description of Shevuous night, as you were accustomed to receive from me, since I am still affected with the impatience that a serious illness has left behind, and cannot concentrate in this languid condition.
I am very thankful to dear Michael for his sympathy in praying for me, and G. has hearkened to his prayer.
Kindly show Isaac this letter as it is too much strain for me to write separately. I have to lie down in bed during part of the day, and will make up later on.
With best love to you, Jessie and Michael, and Sabbath greetings, in which Annie joins. Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
June 28th 1946.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for you letter and pleased to hear that you are all well. I am gradually coming round, and recovering slowly. Not being accustomed to take it easily, it is an effort to do so. It will take yet a while before I am able to travel long distances.
As to making arrangements to see a Specialist, I am far from doing so, as it requires the means and financial ability. My illness incurred overhead expenses, apart from the cost of extra nourishment and other necessities, which almost drained my savings.
We are living now beyond our means, and were it not for Annies exertion in taking in visitors, we would get into debt. I am still receiving medical treatment, which runs up big bills.
It is not my way to complain and write so despondently, but as you mentioned about a Specialist, I am giving you a detailed account of my financial conditions.
I will close now with Sabbath greetings and best love to all in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
August 1st 1946.

Dear Benny,
You will be surprised that I am so irregular in my correspondence, and keep you waiting so long for a reply. But owing to living in a state of uncertainty, it obviously reflects all the phases of my conduct.
Suspense is defined as a state of indecision between two opposite opinions, which is to live in mental agony. I think it is Freud, who says, 'the greatest evil man can know, bears no proportion to dread suspense.'
Racking thoughts crowd upon the mind, and one fears to make a decision. The Bible in featuring suspense, gives a clearer vision of this mental agony, on the occasion of the scene on Mount Carmel - Kings II v 21, when Elijah challenged the people for their indecisive conduct, 'How long halt ye between two opinions' said he, which indicates a lame uncertain gait. It was a lame (gait) going now in one direction, now in another, now drawn towards the L. , and then attracted to Baal, that Elijah was reproaching (them with.)
My conduct is likewise - a lame uncertain gait, now drawn to decide on (an) operation, and then attracted to remain inactive. This state of mind is responsible for my neglect of correspondence, since I cannot indulge (myself) to offer you some ideal and delicious food for thought, as in the past.
However, I have resolved to put my trust in the Divine, and accept the challenge of the ancient prophet to discard my irregular conduct and lame going. Thank G. there is a remedy according to the diagnosis of the Specialist.
When recently in Leeds, Milly told me that Michael is subject to Chest trouble and both you and Jessie are rather concerned. I am sorry to hear that, but with great care and plenty fresh air, he may grow out of it.
I am glad to hear that you are gradually getting your clients back, and there is every prospect of building up your practice. I will close now with best love to you, Jessie and Michael in which Annie joins.
May G. Bless you all,
Your Loving Father.

P.S. I have written to Isaac about my plan of going to Newcastle to consult Dr. Wardle an eminent Specialist.

6 Westcombe Avenue,
Leeds 8.

Termination of Atonement Day 5707.

Dear Benny and Jessie,
You can see from the above address that I am staying with Milly, who insisted like a devoted Daughter that I should spend my convalescence at her home. As it is vital that at least for a month, I must rest as a patient, with all the attention as in the hospital, I thought it advisable to leave Newcastle before Yom Kippur.
I came here on Thursday, and feel much better for the change. Here I am under strict discipline, which is quite right, as in Newcastle there was a growing desire to perform some Ministerial functions during the Festivals. This kind of Yatzer Horah (Heb. evil inclination, i.e. the sin of pride) might have impeded my physical progress, so I decided to come here.
I fasted well, and stayed at home Yom Kippur. I just take a walk up and down the street, for a change. After Yom Tov P.G., I shall return to Newcastle to be examined by the Specialist and declared fit to go about normally. Until then I dare not venture to travel or walk long distances.
When reading (the story of) Jonah yesterday, I came across a passage which reads as follows,
'I thought that I was driven out of Thy Presence, let me look yet again at thy holy temple.' My feeling in the past has been like Jonah's when in the body of the whale, now thank G. I can say like him, when miraculously rescued, 'My prayer has reached Thee, even unto thy holy temple.'
Trusting you both fasted well, with best wishes for a Happy New Year, the harbinger of a store of blessings for all, a year of relief and security for our displaced brethren.
Your Loving Father.

Last but not least, may G. bless my dear Michael with health and strength.

40 Ash Street,
Southport.
November 1st 1946.

Dear Benny and Jessie,
I am pleased to inform you that I have arrived home after a Galut (Heb. exile) of nearly two months. Thank G-d, I feel quite well, and when Dr. Wardill (sic) saw me last week in order to approve my capability of going home, he was quite satisfied with my progress. Some cases have to return after a month to hospital, for additional treatment, but I was relieved of that, owing to the success of the operation.
I was trying to concentrate yesterday on some subject, but could not do so. I paid a visit to Gateshead (Yeshiva) before I left, and asked to tackle a promising Talmudical student. The pros and cons in debating an intricate subject, produced a strain, and I had to be on my guard not to be embarrassed.
I shall have to take matters easy, and do light reading. You can imagine how one feels after a break in daily routine of classical study, and (yet) still compelled not to launch out earnestly, on that great ocean of Rabbinics.
How is Michael getting on? When are you taking him to Switzerland? Let us hope the change will have an influence for good on his physical health.
I stayed during Succot with Milly in Leeds, and improved immensely, thanks to the great care and nourishment I shared during my stay. I think that Milly always bears the brunt of responsibilities, either paternal or filial. No other member of the family has ever gone to the length of accommodating relatives as she does.
Last week Jochel stayed with her a long week-end, in spite of Ruth (his sister) living in Leeds. Yutta, Auntie Bessie and Sylvia stayed for months with Milly. She reminds me of dear Mammy, whose home was open for the whole Mishpocho (Heb. extended family.)
I felt proud to hear John delivering a learned Drosho (Yidd. Torah oration) on the occasion (when he was) Chasan Bereshit. (Heb. Bridegroom of the Law, a synagogue honour bestowed on the festival of Succot to a learned congregant.) He takes an active part in communal work, which I should like you to emulate.
The Jewish community needs intelligent young man to take a lead, especially in these tragic days for Klal Yisroel.
I will close now with Sabbath greetings and best love to you both and dear Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
The Festival of Purim.Southport.
March 4th 1947.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and news from Jessie and Michael. (from Switzerland) We congratulated Michael on the occasion of his Birthday, and received a Picture Postcard showing the views of the mountains, where they stayed for a while.
It augurs well for the future of Michael's physical health, and this reserve of vigour may be a source of strength, to enable Michael to stand the rigours of the English climate. We heartily congratulate you on the joyous event of Michael's Birthday, and wish you and Jessie (the pleasure) to see him grow up, both physically and spiritually strong, making progress intellectually, and a source of pride to you both. No doubt he is attending school, and studying Hebrew so as to render him capable of becoming Bar-Mitzvah next year P.G.
My health is not 100 p.c. and though tonight is Purim, I was not allowed to attend Synagogue by doctor's orders. The trying weather seems to have afflicted me, and since my operation I have to move about slowly and carefully. No more rushing about or hurrying after a bus to attend morning services. This pleasure is denied me, at the age of seventy-five.
I forgot to wish you 'long life' on the occasion of your Yahrzeit last week for poor Mammy. The years are passing, and it is nearly seven years since this angel of a woman passed away. We can apply to her memory the Rabbinical quotation for saintly men and women,
'alas for those who have perished, and are not to be found anymore.'
She excelled in generosity and nobility of character - a true eshes chayil. (Heb. woman of worth)
Wishing you a happy Purim and Sabbath greetings, in which Auntie joins,
Your Loving Father.

The next letter refers to a family problem concerning Grandfather's wife. I can only guess at its nature. Annie had children and grandchildren from her first marriage, so perhaps this is where the conflict lay. My Aunt Jessie has told me that Annie was generally resented by Grandfather's children, as she was perceived 'to have a better life' than Grandmother.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
June 5th 1947.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and packet of literature that offers me a spiritual delight. You seem to understand me, that my greatest enjoyment is, that when I am at leisure and (have taken) my walks, (I like) to dip into something intellectual.
The best of my time, providing health of body allows, I ponder on Talmud and Hebrew classical subjects, which need deep concentration, and devote my leisure, when outside, to light literature as a recreation.
I am pleased to inform you that after a great deal of persuasion, I succeeded in getting Annie to see eye to eye with me, and close an unpleasant incident that threatened the peace and harmony that always prevailed in the family.
I expounded to her the moralist's saying in Proverbs 17, V.14, where he advises man to subdue angry passions at once, before they become exacerbated. 'The beginning of strife is as when one letteth out water.'
The small rift in the bank of a reservoir of water, if not immediately secured, is soon enlarged and gets beyond control, occasioning widespread ruin and destruction; so from small and insignificant causes, which might at first have been easily checked, arise feuds and quarrels which extend in a wide circle, and cannot be appeased.
Therefore leave off contention, before it rushes forward. Strife becomes uncontrollable. It might be arrested in its early stage. But if not checked . . . no one can arrest the mad career(ing) of an escaping river.
We are glad to hear that Michael settled down and resumed his schoolwork. You should engage a Hebrew teacher (so) that he becomes efficient in Jewish studies. To simply read the Parsha or Haphtorah, (Heb. portions of the Torah and Prophets) to become Bar-mitzvah, is barely doing your duty to him.
At least some time should be devoted to his Hebrew studies, (even) if the major portion is spent in his secular studies. One should not give priority to the Handmaid and neglect the Housewife. I daresay you (have) heard (of) this reference from Jehuda Halevi, who designates secular knowledge as the Handmaid, and religious knowledge, as the Housewife.
We are delighted to hear that you are doing communal work, and not leading a selfish life. I regret that I am not doing any public work, and envy those who are living a full and rich life.
I will close now, with best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Shabbat Shalom,
Your Loving Father.

The 'crisis' and 'sad conditions' mentioned in the next letters probably refer to the problems over the division of Palestine between the Jews and the Arabs.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
August 7th 1947.

Dear Benny,
We were glad to hear from you after a long interval, and quite realise that you can hardly spare the time, owing to pressure of public work.
I have been taking advantage of the nice weather and visited the holiday resorts of the Mersey coast. But as one cannot combine pleasure with serious intellectual work, you will have to forgo for the present, the delicious savoury meats of Biblical and Rabbinical expositions, that I afforded you in the past.
Then again, in a time of crisis like the present, our attention is more directed to the material and worldly, and fails to delve into the sublime. Not all are gifted to soar into the heights, when earthly concerns of a serious nature draw us downward.
With reference to the Bar-mitzvah of our dear Michael, I shall let you know (which one) shortly. . . it is advisable to engage an expert Hebrew tutor to prepare Michael for that great occasion. You have neither the time or patience for this work.
Trusting you are well, and Jessie and Michael enjoying good health, with best love to all in which Auntie joins.
Your Loving Father
and Grand-Pa.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
August 26th 1947.

Dear Benny,
Pardon for delaying my reply to your last letter, since I could not obtain a (Hebrew) Calendar of the coming year. The date of the Bar-mitzvah will be on Sabbath Parshas T'tzaveh (Heb. 'and you shall command'. The title of the week's reading from Torah ) Let us hope that Michael will enjoy good health and make progress physically and spiritually, fully equipped intellectually to be accepted as a member in the ranks of the Ancient Order of Israel.
...we shall soon meet at Jean's wedding and then converse about the necessary preparatory work for the Bar-mitzvah. Had I lived in London, it would have been my greatest delight to help you in this matter, and teach Michael. There is a Rabbinical saying, that he who teaches his grandson the rudiments of the faith, and its ethical truths, is regarded as though he accepted the Torah at Sinai. His effort to perpetuate the Torah among his descendants, entitles him to merit the honour and rank of those who received the Torah at Sinai.
Have you enjoyed a short holiday as a break from your arduous duties? You deserve some rest and leisure to spend in the company of Jessie and Michael. I am afraid you are not allowed this innocent recreation, for owing to the present sad conditions, your services will be in great demand.
Trusting you, Jessie and Michael are well. with best love to all in which Aunt joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
September 3rd 1947.

Dear Benny,
In the first place I wish to inform you that we arrived safely home, after the flying visit to the Wedding. My intention was to stay at least another few days, so as to be able to spend some time with you, but it had not to be so.
The wedding was quite a break and (a) fine change, but had I found where to stay a few days longer, the holiday would have been complete. With all due respect to Isaac for his hospitality, there was no need to hasten my return, when Renee and Harry (Isaac's daughter and son) who have their own homes could offer shelter. We only needed accommodation and would go out for meals, and meet friends and acquaintances.
I daresay you are very busy with public work, especially after what happened in Hackney when some ex-servicemen were arrested, and the defamatory speakers were not interfered with. Libellous speakers are not regarded by the Police (as) 'Disturbers of (the) Peace', only those who are attacked and protest against such charges. What a free country we live in!
The four freedoms of the Atlantic Charter have been cast to the winds, and England is doomed to decline, with its foreign policy of brutality to the D.p.(displaced persons) and its inner policy of indirectly encouraging racial hatred. But what can you do, with ruffians like Bevin, who are discrediting England in the eyes of the world?
I will close now as the time is getting late, with Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

The next letter (14th Sept. 1947) refers to a death in the family, possibly that of Ziegfried.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
Erev Rosh Hashanah 5708.

Dear Benny and Jessie,
We have arrived safely after a tedious journey, and are recovering gradually. I have not seen the Jewish Chronicle yet, but trust you put in the Obituary and announcement.
I cannot get over the shock; this tragic incident is a fitting commentary on the uncertainty of life, and the Rabbinical saying, 'Today here, tomorrow in the grave,' has been verified in this case.
Have you been successful in collecting a sum for the widow, a start should be made immediately, whilst the iron is hot.
I have enclosed a New Year's Message for the family in Isaac's letter, which he will show you. He being the eldest, it is only fair that he has it.
I will close with the blessing of a Happy and prosperous New year, a year of redemption for the survivors of the gas chambers, that remnant of broken humanity, who are still behind barbed wire, and may the coming year see the realisation of our cherished hopes, and the furthering of the Brother-hood of man.
Your Loving Father.

Mention is now made of Bernard's activities as Chairman of the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen .(AJEX) Then, as now (1997), they had their own parade in London , commemorating Remembrance Day.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
December 4th 1947.

Dear Benny,
We were glad to hear from you, that you are all well. We followed with eagerness the news and impression the Parade of Jewish Ex-Servicemen made upon the public, and delighted (to hear that) it was successful.
It was a meritorious deed (of yours) and worth the sacrifice of time and energy you made. Galkoff (?) brought me regards from you, and greatly admires your activities in the region of the Defence Committee.
At long last Uno (the United Nations Organisation) decided in our favour, and we have come into our own heritage. Albeit, only a small portion is allotted to us, and this, grudgingly denied us by the Arabs, yet let us be thankful for that.
Justice will triumph in the end, and Jewish initiative and genius will render this tiny portion, the dominating centre of the Middle East. There is a Rabbinical saying that Jerusalem will become the metropolis of the world, physically and culturally, and we can already visualise its realisation, since we are given now, Jewish Statehood in Eretz Yisroel, and enabled fully to develop our resources.
Wishing you, Jessie and Michael an enjoyable Chanucah, with Sabbath greetings and best love to all in which Annie joins,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
January 28th. 1948.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and the enclosed literature. I am delighted to hear that you are invited to take an active part in the Palestine Campaign, (that) the Newcastle Jewish Community proposes to organise on February 8th.
The tone of the invitation is very flattering indeed, and at long last, the Community wishes to pay its respects to one of its sons, who has rendered distinguished service to the general community, which reflects great credit on Newcastle.
I am very proud of that invitation, and in spite of the Proverbial saying, that one is not acknowledged in his own home, as sage, poet or prophet, your services . . . have evoked the recognition of Newcastle.
I am quite sure you will make a great impression, and arouse the enthusiasm of your audience to do their duty towards raising the necessary Funds.
I daresay you will be present at the Installation of Jochel as Minister of the Finchley Synagogue, which is a great Simcha (Heb. celebration) for the family. Unfortunately I cannot share this pleasure, though I contributed largely - spiritually and materially - to the attainment and accomplishment of Jochel.
I know he will be very disappointed, but physical inability permits me not to take risks and travel during winter. At the last wedding, which took place in October, I contracted a cold and was indisposed for nearly three weeks, though the weather was mild then.
Not everyone is blessed at my age like the late Dr. Gaster, who travelled at the age of 78 a whole night, in order to lecture before the Newcastle Literary Society.
I will close now with greetings to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
February 5th 1948.

Dear Ben,
Thanks for (your) letter and Packet of literature. It is encouraging that you have been asked to take up the case of the Aden Jewish Congregation, to compensate the sufferers for loss of lives and property.
It reflects badly on the British government to allow a pogrom in an English Crown Colony. Though it clashes with your legal terms, it is a most creditable task, a Kiddush Hashem, (Heb. worthy deed) to take up the cudgels for the afflicted, that our enemies suffer punishment for their misdeeds.
As for flying, you can go by boat, which will relieve the anxiety of Jessie. Consider the sacred service of fighting for the rights of your own fraternity, a virtuous deed that cannot be surpassed.
A public act of this description merits that the righteousness of the party concerned 'endureth forever,' say the Sages.
I will close now with Sabbath greetings and (wish you) success in your work at Newcastle.
Kind love to you, Jessie and Michael in which Annie joins,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
February 18th 1948.

Dear Benny,
I daresay you were in Newcastle-on-Tyne and made a success. I should like to know what impression the congregation made upon you, and who are now the leading spirits. Since there is no Minister to inspire the people with zeal for anything ideal, perhaps the laity has grown more intellectual.
I assume Isaac informed you that the Yahrzeit for poor Mammy has been today, the 18th inst. . . . Eight years have passed since Mammy passed away, and her memory is still fresh. She was the true Eshes Chayil (Heb. woman of worth) of whom the Royal sage says, 'her worth is far above pearls.' (King Soloman)
I will close now with greetings and love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.
(Some of his sons, and his son-in-law, were by now supplementing Grandfather's small pension.)
P.S.
You must have overlooked to let me have your portion of the sum due - the half yearly payment that became due the 1st. January. John has already sent me a cheque.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
February 25th 1948.

Dear Benny,
I am in receipt of your letter and glad to hear that you are all well. It gave me great pleasure to hear that you had a cordial welcome in Newcastle, and made a good impression.
Undoubtedly, you derived great satisfaction from the praiseworthy remarks of my past work in that community. It is always the case, that one's work is appreciated after the lapse of years, when you are no more connected in an official capacity. . .
You have chosen one of the most beautiful Sidras (Heb. portions of the scriptures) for Michael's Bar-mitzvah, 'Kedoshim', (Heb. 'Blessings'. The name of the Torah reading for that week) which contains the essentials of the Torah, a fitting Portion for a Bar-mitzvah boy.
It was a fine gesture of yours to visit poor Mammy's grave, which naturally brought back many memories of the past and deep sentiments. Words fail to describe her piety, sincerity and self-sacrifice. Her memory will always remain green and never fade . . .
Thanks for the enclosed (?cheque) in your last letter. With Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
March 30th 1948.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and its detailed information. I am proud to hear that you are devoting your leisure time to communal work, especially in the present trying time for Jewry.
It is for young men who are exceptionally gifted, to contribute towards the communal welfare, to defend and uphold the reputation of our people. 'Honour the L. out of thy wealth,' says the royal sage, which implies here, spiritual as well as material.
If you are gifted with intelligence, persuasive speech, oratory, ideal qualities and convincing powers. utilise them in the service of Jewry - honouring the L. by vindicating the status of his people, which is creditable to the L.
With reference to the Bar-mitzvah, you are having a dinner for the family in your home. I presume you are employing Caterers who are strictly orthodox, and will prepare everything in accordance with Kashrus. (Heb. Jewish dietary laws)
Then again, the food will have to be prepared before Sabbath, and not cooked the same day.
As we are all Cohanim (Heb. of priestly descent) the Mitzvahs (Heb. honours given to family members at the service.) cannot be properly portioned out. Anyhow we shall see about that.
I will close now with best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
April 20th 1948.

Dear Benny,
The joyous event of dear Michael's Bar-mitzvah is approaching, and a reminder to that effect was the Invitation we received this morning.
This reacted upon me as a thrill, telling me to prepare myself for the eventful occasion, to be physically and mentally fit to enjoy the Simcha. Though not immune from certain ailments and infirmities of old age, I am still blessed with an alacrity of spirit, a manly sense and energy of mind, indebted to a life that has been rightfully employed.
The (en)visioned recollections of the past Simchas, enhance the pleasures enjoyed in the evening of life, when participating in children's children's joys. Small wonder then, that we are looking forward to the occasion . . . that will afford us moments of bliss and happiness in your company (and in the) family gathering.
With Festival greetings to you both and Michael, and best love,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
May 14th 1948.

Dear Benny,
We are disappointed that the joyous event of the Bar-mitzvah had to be postponed as we were looking forward to meeting together. We trust that Michael will probably recover within a month or so. I understand that the attack of whooping cough is only slight . . .
I still need re-cuperation as the Flu left me physically weak.
Your stay in Germany must have been an experience. The Reshoim (Heb. evil ones) are getting what they deserve. The unfortunate thing is that the virus of Hitlerism has infected other nations and peoples.
I will close now with the wishes of a Refuah Shelamoh (Heb. complete recovery) for Michael and Sabbath greetings to you all, in which Auntie joins.
Your Loving Father.

It is in this next letter that Grandfather first mentions the decline of his intellectual powers. This was the cause of great distress and anguish to him in his latter years.

22 Crowestones,
Buxton.
June 18th 1948.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your (letter) and literature. I have become here physically conscious (of) what we term in Rabbinics - 'Baal Guf,' the lowest term for a human being. I am beginning to doubt one's existence, if the proof of our existence is because 'we think.'
In accordance with the theory of Descartes - 'Cogito, ergo sum,' I think, therefore I am,' and (myself) not being mentally conscious - 'a thinking thing,' I cannot claim to exist.
It is the soul that counts, the mind by which 'I am what I am,' an intellectual and imaginative being, meditating, forming, creating and inventing, in short a living soul.
But I think a soul-less existence is sometimes necessary, a relaxation of the mental faculty, the brain, in order to fully recuperate, after an intensive and exhaustive study in Rabbinical literature during the long winter nights.
Though I have retired, a Yeshiva Bachur (Heb. seminary student) remains a bookworm - a life(long) student, so I am out of sorts here, and obliged to be (solely) Physically conscious.
I am looking forward to . . . Michael's Bar-mitzvah, and this time I am coming alone, as Annie is continuing to say to the end of (the) first week of July. I may stay here till the end of June.
I will close with best love to all in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

22 Crowestones,
Buxton.
June 24th 1948.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and its contents. We can imagine how you are all excited before the joyous event, and though getting on in years, I feel it too. . .
With reference to the Benediction, it is not customary that anyone else should perform it, but the Minister who delivers the address. Then again it might cause some unpleasantness for Jochel, whose action might not meet with approval by some members, and even the Executive in their heart of hearts, though they have given permission, may not be satisfied.
Apart from this, getting into the Pulpit would incur (my) appearing in canonicals, and I strongly insist on clothing myself as a layman, when not acting in an official capacity.
I deeply appreciate your sentiment, but a Minhag - a custom - cannot be broken under any consideration.
Trusting you are all well and Michael is quite fit. I will close with Sabbath greetings and best love.
Your Loving Father.

P.S. Annie sends her best regards, but regrets she cannot come as she is continuing her treatment.

Buxton,
June 29th 1948.

Dear Benny,
I am still doctoring myself and for the last fortnight (have) developed a nervous and shaky condition owing to sleeplessness. However, owing to the importance of the event, I shall endeavour to come, on Friday, P.G., . . . and will travel direct from Buxton via Derby to St. Pancras, London.
The train leaves 9.40 a.m. and arrives at St. Pancras at 2 p.m.. Notice, 9.40. in the morning and arrival at St. Pancras 2 o'clock in the afternoon. I hope to do so by the Mercy of Providence.
Has Michael received my present?
With best love to all in which Annie joins, who is not well.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
July 8th 1948.

Dear Jessie and Benny,
I arrived safely and Annie met me at the station. I have no words sufficiently to thank you for your cordial welcome, and for the concern and keen interest you have both taken to make my stay pleasant.
Your home atmosphere is inspiring, the surroundings congenial, a true abode of rest and calm, which may truly be counted amongst the foremost homes which evoked the admiration and esteem of the enemy visionary, who reluctantly exclaimed, 'How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob!'
I feel tired yet, so you will excuse me for being brief. With best love to you and Michael, who so charmingly intoned his Parsha, and responded gracefully to the Toast proposed by the Chief Rabbi.
This event, which is rather unique, augurs well for the future, that our beloved Michael will go from strength to strength in his career as a Bar-mitzvah - a loyal son in Israel and a worthy citizen, a pride to all.
Affectionately ,
Your Loving Father
and Grand-Father.

Annie sends her regards.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
August 5th 1948.

Dear Benny,
We have received your letter and glad to hear that you are all well. We are gradually recovering and the few sunny days last week were a G-d send. The radiant sunshine was a blessing - a boon that filled us with cheer and joy.
We regret to hear that Millie (Isaac's wife) has taken ill, and I can feel for Isaac. But there is no need for alarm, for such cases, when taken and attended to immediately, become harmless.
Anyhow, do your best and offer plenty of cheer, and with plenty of confidence in G. the prime Specialist, everything will right itself.
I enjoy the Monthly very much, and will be obliged if you can let me have the July number.
I have written to Millie some cheering words and hope she patiently and bravely faces her indisposition. One must avoid all excitement, and take things calmly.
We will close with best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
August 10th 1948.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and Jewish Monthly, and also for information about Millie. We received a wire from Dennis (Isaac and Millie's younger son) that he became a father to a strapping boy.
'Mazzel-Tov.' May the youngster herald in an era of health, joy, prosperity and happiness in the family.
I should like to join you all at the Bris, as this is an unique occasion, a special privilege, a zechuyo (Heb. privilege) to have a great-grandson. Such a Simcha demands my presence, and in spite of the long journey, I shall make an endeavour.
With best love to all in which Aunt joins,
Affectionately,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
August 29th 1948.

Dear Benny,
We were glad to hear that you, Jessie and Michael returned from your holiday.
It was a great pleasure to me having the privilege to be Sandek (Greek, thence into Heb., godfather) at my Great - Grandson's Brith, and the joy would have been complete had it not been clouded by the serious illness of Millie.
We are very anxious about her, and Isaac needs some one to calm his emotions. I think you should call upon him more often - in spite of your busy life - or influence Jessie to do so.
The Council of Leazes Park Rd. ( his previous congregation) invited us both the Induction Service and Civic Reception taking place next Sunday, and at the same time promising to pay all incidental expenses.
The Chief Rabbi {Israel Brodie} is inducting the new Rabbi - Minister, and at the same time the community is extending a welcome to Rabbi Israel Brodie. The reception will be held by the Lord Mayor and the Corporation.
I have prepared a few notes for the occasion, and would be much obliged if you could manage to let me have a suitable talk for the occasion, referring to the co-incidence of a native (of Newcastle) inducting a new Rabbi, which is quite unique, and to the privilege I had, in the early years, to wish G. speed to Brodie when he left for Melbourne, and welcome him home when he arrived back after ten years of service.
Oblige me by return of post as I am leaving on Thursday P.G., and pardon me for encroaching on your crowded duties. We close with with greetings to all of you,
Your Loving Father.

5709
115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
September 29th 1948.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and Jewish Monthly. We are glad to hear that you, Jessie and Michael are enjoying good health, but we are anxious about Millie.
It is very difficult for Isaac to have her at home while she is still an invalid. Imagine the attention and medical service needed, for which the best place is a Nursing Home.
I can feel for Isaac who expected to live in ease and comfort after the strain and struggle of the past, and now that all his children are married, to have a little Nachas (Yidd.. pride in one's children)
Let us hope that a Merciful Providence, the Healer of all Flesh, will strengthen poor Millie and gracefully grant her a full recovery, physically and spiritually.
I pray for her daily, and as a religionist, believe in the efficacy of Prayer. I hold with Tennyson, who asserts, 'more things are wrought by prayer than this world thinks of.'
Rev. Morris Joseph, speaking of the Power of Prayer, says, 'It lifts the soul indeed to G. but it also brings down G. to the soul. The spiritual striving it evokes, creates a holy atmosphere, fit for the reception of the Divine Visitant, who comes with healing on his wings, His hands loaded with gifts.'
We reciprocate your best wishes for a Happy New Year and hope that the coming year will see the salvation of our people, and the anxiety of the world's restlessness and tension eased, so that peaceful and harmonious counsels will prevail in the Assembly of the United Nations.
With greetings and best wishes for a pleasant Yom Tov,
Affectionately,
Your Loving Father
and Aunt.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
October 28th 1948.

Dear Benny,
You will be surprised by not hearing earlier from me and (my) not replying to your letters and inquiries. I daresay you know that I adhere to the practice of not writing during the intermediate days of the Festival, consequently I delayed my reply.
We both fasted well and attended regularly the public services. Thank G. for nearly a whole month I was a regular attendant at the Synagogue, from the first day of Selichoth, (Heb. Penitential Prayers) and onward, in the early hours of the morning. It was more than I did for many years, as the weather was mild, and I felt fit.
We were proud to hear that your appeal was successful, and fully responded to. Your time is occupied in public work, and in times of adversity like the present, when our people are harassed and afflicted, it is the duty of those who are gifted to come forward and help, by word and deed.
'Honour the L. by thy wealth,' says the sage, (Prov, 3,9) with whatever wealth you have been blessed, be it riches or the power of speech, do not fail to contribute them to a good cause.
Thanks for the Calendar which is quite unique in its character, whoever saw it, could not help admiring the various pictures featuring the constructive work, military developments and political scenes in the Holy Land.
It has become very cold, and the sudden change makes itself felt. However we went out for a good walk, and enjoyed the brisk and dry air. . .
I will conclude with best love to you, Jessie and Michael, and may G. bless you all.
Your Loving Father.
Annie sends her regards.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
November 11th 1948.

Dear Benny and Jessie,
Many thanks for your letter and Jewish Monthly, which I thoroughly enjoy. I presume you joined the Parade of Jewish Ex-Service Men last Sunday.Last Sabbath the Ex-Service Men here dominated the morning Service and a Chaplain named Rev. Bloch occupied the Pulpit. Mr. Galkoff told me that fifty Ex-Service men were travelling to London, and partaking in the Parade.
It is a tragic reflection, that as we pause to remember the dead of two world wars, which took toll of so many lives, the wheels are already whirling in the equipment factories, and much needed manpower, money, and material in a struggling post-war world, are, in every land, being diverted again to a war potential.
It is a mad world, and humanity has not yet learnt a lesson, and is discussing glibly the Atomic war.
Let us pray that the L. will open their eyes, and wise counsels will prevail in the assembly of the United Nations.
We will conclude with Sabbath greetings and best love to you both and Michael, who undoubtedly is busy with schoolwork,
Your Loving Father,
and Aunt.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
November 26th 1948.

Dear Benny,
We were gratified to read in the Press of the success the Ex-Service Parade achieved, which is mainly due to your efforts, and your part at the Albert Hall. Thanks at the same time, for the message of your regards sent by the local Ex-Servicemen, who felt proud to be bearers of this mission.
They all were full of praise for the eloquent manner (in which) you expressed the vote of thanks on their behalf, and one of them, a Chairman of the local Zionists, declared that he feels incompetent as a speaker, since he heard you.
In a gloss {comment} on the following sentence 'He kisseth the lips who giveth a right answer.' Prov. 24 - 26, the Talmud declares; He who tackles eloquently a complicated subject, and skillfully convinces his audience of the truth and fairness of his comments, by using the gift of his persuasive powers, embarrasses so much his opponents, that they become astounded and rendered speechless.
'They kiss {?purse}their lips,' denoting (that) they completely lose their courage. They recognise their helplessness and remain dumb, and dare not venture to put forth any argument to support their theories.
Likewise, this gentleman in question, who considered himself a gifted speaker, lost his balance when he heard you speak, 'he kissed his lips,' to use the words of the text.
How is Jessie, and Michael, I trust, is standing the rigour of the cold weather favourably.
As the Sabbath is approaching I will close with Sabbath greetings and best love to all in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
November 30th 1948.

Dear Benny,
We thank you very much for your last letter, and pleased to hear that you are all well. I was informed . . . about your speech at the Albert Hall, the impression you made, of which I am very proud.
We heard on the Broadcast, quite plainly, the whole service and moving prayers of the Chief Rabbi and Chaplain. I think a service of that kind makes a deep impression and renders futile and dumbfounded all defamatory charges against us.
Exemplary deeds talk, and are more effective than arguments.
Recha wrote me that she intends going up with the Aliya (emigrating) to Palestine. . . We should like her to spend a few days with us here, providing you and Isaac would give her the fare.
Poor girl never had a holiday, and always bore the whole brunt of the burden. I would also suggest that you arrange a farewell evening in honour of Recha's departure, and let there be a family gathering to wish her G-d speed on her journey.
It is a pity we cannot be present to offer cheer and encouragement to the poor girl.
Thank you for the Monthly which is very interesting. Perhaps you can see Isaac and arrange to send me now, the money due the beginning of the (next) year, as I can do with it now.
I will close now with best love to you, Jessie and Michael, in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father
and Aunt.
P.S. I noticed you are taking part in the Tribunal case.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
December 19th 1948.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and the enclosed. We read in the Jewish Chronicle that you resigned from the Chairmanship of the Defence, (committee) after two years hard work. Public work demands many a sacrifice, and I think you have done your share.
Now that it has become essential to have a knowledge of Hebrew, it is most appropriate that you devote time to Modern Hebrew, and encourage Michael to take lessons. This enables us in Golus, (Yidd.. exile) to keep in touch with the Yishuv, (Israel) and benefit culturally from the State of Israel.
The language establishes a bond between both and creates a mutual sympathy, a national tie.
I thank you also for the Monthly, which contains interesting articles.
The weather is very trying and changeable, some days it is mild and on others, wintry. How is Michael standing the vigourous weather and fogs? We trust he is making progress in his studies.
Trusting you are all well, with best love to you, all in which Aunt Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

P.S. Have you met Milly and John, who went to London recently?

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
January 16th 1949.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and Monthly, which I enjoy very much. It has fine writers and their articles are interesting.
The crisis our people are going through owing to Esau's - Bevin's - Middle East Policy, casts a shadow on the Jewish horizon.
The infant state of Israel, struggling to stand on its feet, is deliberately crippled and wantonly deprived of its stability.
She is vilified and besmirched by the so-called Bible-loving people, who as believers in the predictions of the Prophets*, that Israel will again be restored to the Homeland, (to) plant vineyards and enjoy the fruits thereof, should be the means of furthering this prophecy.
Instead they are placing obstacles in the way, and are the last to recognise Israel's right to Eretz Yisroel.
But there is every hope that our people will emerge satisfactorily from this crisis, for the fairness of some leading papers has sorely criticised the Foreign Secretary.
How are you all getting on? The weather is changeable, from extreme cold to mild, and this is the cause of colds.
Will you kindly let me know whether I am legally entitled to (the) Old Age Pension. I made twice an application and it was turned down. I have many friends, rich business men, and they are getting (the) Old Age Pension.
It appears that a comfortable material position, or in other words having other means, has nothing to do with it.
I will close with best love to you, Jessie and Michael in which Annie joins.
'May G. Bless you.'
Your Loving Father.

*See Amos 9,14.
And I will turn the captivity of My people Israel, they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them, they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof, they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them.
And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be plucked up out of their land which I have given them, Saith the L. thy G.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
January 27th 1949.
Shabbas Sholom

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and we are glad to hear that you are all well. I have become a typical English Jew who attends Synagogue but once a week, from Sabbath to Sabbath.
The whole week I stay at home, and cannot attend service daily as in the past. The rigours of winter prevent me from visiting the house of Worship more often, and I think that after passing the span of life - the age of seventy, - one can afford this laxity.
It is very interesting to hear that you met Mr. Dainow, an old pupil of mine who brought you regards from uncle Percy. (Grandfather's brother in South Africa) It is a pity I am a long way from London, for I would like to meet Mr. Dainow.
He will have many reminiscences of the days spent at Gt. Garden St. Talmud Torah, (where Grandfather was Headmaster) and delight you with the details of those happy days.
I knew his father very well, and when a child I attended regularly, to listen to the addresses - Droshos - which were interspersed with - Meshalim - illustrations - that attracted the audiences.
Perhaps he may remember some of his father's witty and pointed sayings, and repeat them to you.
The congregants of Eiyin Yacob Shool were hard working people, sincere, rigid, orthodox Jews of the old school, and it needed a saintly and wise Maggid (Yidd.. preacher) to manage them.
His ordinary conversation contained many an epigrammatic note or comment on a rabbinical quotation. Ask Mr. Dainow for the address of my brother Percy, as I have written to him and received no reply.
With reference to the Pension, . . . I cannot make out that (others) are entitled to receive (the) Pension, if their means can cover the expense of staying in a Boarding House that charges £10 weekly.
I am eager to relieve you and Isaac from subscribing to my maintenance, as it is against my grain to tax you both.
I will close with love to you, Jessie and Michael, and trust Michael is making good progress in his schoolwork,
Your Loving Father.

Annie sends her best wishes.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
February 24th 1949.

Dear Benny,
I have been somewhat irregular in my correspondence, owing to the busy time we have here, with Mizrachi (a religious, Zionist organisation) meetings and conferences in connection with work affecting the new State of Israel.
It is a special privilege - a zechuyo - to live and witness the birth of a new state - the redemption of Israel, the fulfilment of the dream of generations.
A prophecy has been fulfilled, and as one of the recent speakers said, 'we have risen from the valley of bones, from the furnaces of Europe, to the State of Israel.'
Wherever Jews are living today, they are holding their heads higher, they are filled with dignity and pride.
Though I have retired from the limelight of the public view, and health does not permit (me) to participate actively in that great cause of the revival of Israel, I am contributing my mite of energy in encouraging others.
I admit the inability to dig deep into my resources of substance, as you know, but can offer something of my resources of spirit, which I utilise now.
Thanks for the Monthly . . . the article of (?by) 'Racham,' (entitled) The Chassidic Minyan, pictures a similar institution (as) in the scenes of your birthplace, Sandringham Rd., Dalston.
Isaac can give you some picturesque details of Schiffs Stiebel, (small prayer meeting house) which he visited with me as a child, the weekly parties of Gehakter (chopped) herrings, Kuchen (spiced Yeast cake) and Kiddush, (Heb. Blessing of the wine) on Sabbath mornings, and afterwards, Sholosh Seudath (third Sabbath meal) after Mincha (Heb. afternoon) Service, - the singing of Hymns, and the enthusiastic participation of the elders and children.
It was a real fellowship - a brotherhood - one concerned in the other's welfare, not the cool relationship of congregants in the present House of Worship.
Alas for those days of the past when the Jew lived his religious life - when religion was a way of life. Now we talk about religion, we draw fine pictures of the ideal in life, but our lives are meaningless, aimless, Torah-less, lacking the materialising of the ideal. . .
I will close with Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael in which Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.
P.S.
A new Simcha is occasioned by the birth of a child to Jochel and Annette.
'Mazzle Tov,'

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
March 25th 1949.
Shabbas Sholom

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and Jewish Monthly, which I have not read yet. We were busy making arrangements for the Chief Rabbi's visit, and last week he addressed the various institutions. However, I could not be present at certain functions owing to indisposition.
All the winter I managed to be in a fit condition, but the fierce and stormy changes of the recent weeks produced an ill effect on my health.
I have become body - conscious, and this is a sign of weakness. Health is always unconscious of itself, it is not until sickness, that one is aware of the body. I get very anxious when unwell, and it takes some time to get over that feeling.
I had a long chat with Brody (Rabbi Brodie, the Chief Rabbi) with reference to local social and religious standards, which need improvement. He seems to be earnest and wishes to arouse the enthusiasm and driving force of spiritual effort in the community.
It is a pity we live so far apart, that I cannot enjoy having some pleasant talk or conversation frequently. What a fine thing it would have been to have the whole family together on Seder night, something like the early years, a pleasure that cannot be anticipated under the present circumstances.
And so one must put up with loneliness and ask 'Ma Nishtana' individually, instead of presiding at a table graced by the presence of children and grand-children, the youngest asking 'Ma Nishtana.'
I will close now with Sabbath greetings and best love to you, Jessie and Michael,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
April 12th 1949.

Dear Benny,
We have missed your letters recently, and assume your duties allow no leisure for correspondence. Anyhow, Kovohd Av (Heb. paternal respect) demands some recognition, and we always look forward to your wise and intellectual talks.
Again the cycle of time has brought us around to the Freedom Festival, and now we rejoice in the new freedom of our days, when our people emerged from the depths of despondency and despair, into capacious hopes and opportunities of freedom and independence, statehood and sovereignty.
We are living in wonderful days, and the coldest, indifferent Israelite will acknowledge, that nothing less than a miracle enabled the Yishuv to rout the cruel enemies who wished to exterminate Israel, and cut them off from being a nation.
With redoubled force should Pesach be celebrated this year, (the festival) that marks the anniversary of the ancient freedom - the Exodus from Egypt, as well as the modern redemption.
We see fulfilled the prediction of the ancient prophet, (as) thousands of D.P.s (are) entering daily Erez Yisroel,
'And the rescued of the L. shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; everlasting joy shall be upon their heads; they shall obtain gladness and joy, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.'
It is a thousand pities that circumstances do not allow that the whole family be gathered on this festival occasion. . . Unfortunately it has not to be my lot . . . to be among those happy parents who live not separated from their children.
And so, I spend this festival in a lonely capacity, away from my near ones and dear ones, condemned to isolation at the evening of life, when every hour, every day is precious.
Kindly let me know where Aunt Lydia is spending Passover, why not in the company of Jochel? Is she supported at all, or has (she) to work for her living?
I will close now with Festival greetings and best love to all in which Auntie Annie joins,
Your Loving Father.
P.S.
I am worried about Annie who is not well.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
May 18th 1949.

Dear Benny,
Many thanks for your letter and the Jewish Monthly, which is very interesting. The reference made to Nottingham is rather vague and not up to date, for it mentions nothing of the activities of the Weinberg family, or Mr. Kahn who was one of the founders of the Synagogue.
I think Rabbi Harris Cohen, our cousin, who was the Minister forty years ago, will have a full knowledge of the early days of Jewry in Nottingham.
He knew some of the German families who joined the Unitarians and left the fold altogether, because they wanted to have a Reform Synagogue as at Bradford. In fact, when I came to Nottingham, the late Mr. Weinberg said to me, 'if you are able to bring back these families into the Jewish community, your salary would be more than the Chief Rabbi's.'
Mr. Kahn many times brought me donations to the Polish Fund, from some of those seceders. They were already the second or third generation, but they had a warm corner in their hearts towards their former co-religionists.
The firm of Jacobi was always ready to give lavishly towards the Jewish Funds, and I can recall when once approaching the firm, that the Manager told me, it was the wish of the late head of the firm, that his descendants should identify themselves with Jews in the days of their adversity, in contributing to their various funds.
There has been a break in the good weather, but today is nice again. Milly has come here for a few days, with Gillian.
I will close now with best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
June 16th 1949.

Dear Benny,
We are thankful for your letter and the literature that accompanied it. I dip into it now and then, when out in the open air, as it is too hot to stay indoors and do some serious study.
All one can do is light reading, and (I) cannot indulge in Biblical or Talmudical study, that needs an energetic brain. For a while, during the summer season, I have to relax and be content with light fare for the brain, (just) as physically our food must differ from (that of) winter.
Milly, with Joan and her young man, spent a few days here, and I was delighted with their company. It was quite a change to while away some time with your own.
The young man is highly intelligent and a scholar, and we enjoyed a talk on the various epochs of Jewish life, the historical and scientific trends of thought that influenced Jewish learning.
It is rarely that those who devote themselves to dry and prosaic Mathematics, have an inclination towards humanism - or literary culture . . .
I admire John and Milly for their ideal choice in giving preference to scholarship over materialism, in welcoming into the family a professional man rather than a business man.
Let the family capacity for intellect and learning become more spacious (sic) in the future than in the past. Enough of Amay Ha'aretz (Heb. ignoramuses) entering the family sphere.
I heard that Jochel contributes the princely sum of £1 per month towards the upkeep of his mother - 5/- per week. I cannot understand his mentality, his utter lack of filial recognition, (in) failing in fulfilling the Mitzvah (Heb. good deed) of Kovohd Aym (Heb. maternal respect.)
At least a contribution of £1 per week will not hurt him. You, as a prominent member of the family, is entitled to see that your Aunt Lydia is comfortable, and you ought to approach Jochel and insist that he does his duty and stands by his Mother in her need.
We are glad to hear that you are doing your share in raising the Funds necessary for our young, infant state - Israel, to enable the child to stand on its own feet.
I will now conclude with Sabbath greetings and best love to all,

Shabbas Shalom Your Loving Father.

It is now that Grandfather's health becomes more precarious. I remember that as his intellectual powers waned, he began to regard himself as wholly unworthy. 'What sort of a Grandpa am I,' he would often say to me, 'if I cannot study and learn?' He could, however, still rustle up a powerful argument with those, who trying to reassure him, would suggest that after a life of study, he should now rest from it.
It was, in helping to care for him, within the limits of my teenage years, that the seeds of my future career in Nursing were sown.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
July 10th 1949.

Dear Benny,
We were pleased to hear from you, and that you are away in the country. . .
There is a confidential note I have to strike, and undoubtedly you will receive it with favour. I have lately suffered from nerves, which I am hiding from Annie.
Will you kindly compose something for me to say on the occasion, (an unspecified reunion) as I am at a loss to find something. Just a few suitable words will do. My nerves fail me lately. I am ashamed to admit this drawback.
Write it out clearly or in type, and save me unpleasantness.
Trusting you will reply immediately, and set me at rest.
With kind love to all,
Your Loving Father.

Grandfather now becomes hospitalised, probably with a depressive illness.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
October 24th 1949.

Dear Benny,
Pardon for not writing earlier to let you know how I am feeling. Thank G. I am gradually recovering, though I spend my days as a convalescent.
Can you imagine the gladness and gratitude of convalescence, when I, for the first time joined in (the) Public service on the Eighth Day of the Last Festival, Shemini Atzeres - and recited the Hallel. (Psalms of Praise)
That portion, Ps 116, which is a psalm of thanksgiving on deliverence from imminent peril, literally described my feelings. How pathetic, how touching, are the following expressions -
'I love the L. because He heareth my voice, my supplication. The seeds of death compassed me, distress and sorrow did I find.
Then called I upon the Name of the L. I beseech Thee, deliver my soul from death.
Gracious is the L. and righteous;
Yea, our G. showeth tender compassion.
V 7.Return, O my soul, unto thy rest
For the L. hath dealt bountifully with thee.
V 8.For thou hast delivered my soul from death, mine eye from tears, my foot from stumbling.
V 9.I will walk before the L. in the land of the living.'
How true are these words, when the doctor thought it incredible that I would be fully delivered, that my deliverance would enable me to walk at leisure, unhurried and free from care, in the broad regions of earth inhabited by the living.
I only arrived (home) a few days before the Festival of Tabernacles, and must still continue in a state of convalescence - going to bed at 9-p.m. and resting in the afternoon.
My time is very limited, owing to this prescription, and during Succoth I do not write, so this accounts for my long silence.
Still I do not care to live up to the description of old age from the last chapter of Ecclesiastes, described by the term, ' the evil days,' or the years of which thou shall say, ' I have no pleasure in them.'
This is the natural view of old age. Perhaps one may call it the pagan view. It is the view expressed by a famous English poet, who was a clergyman by profession, but a pagan at heart.(Robert Herrick)
That time is best which is the first
When youth and blood are warmer,
But, being past, the worse and worst
Times, still succeed the former.
This is the old age of the pagan, or natural man. A religious old age is a very different thing. Often it is described in the Bible in terms very different from those of this poem, as, for example in the well known Psalm 92 V 14, 15, 16,
'Those that are within the house of G.
Are planted by His grace,
They shall grow up, and flourish all,
In our G.'s holy place;
And in old age, when others fade,
They, fruit still forth shall bring;
They shall be fat and full of sap,
And, aye, be flourishing.'
A Christian Divine once said, 'An indescribable influence accumulates around a saintly old age, when behind every act and word, there rises the image of a well spent life. Even if their be infirmity of mind or body, brought on by years, this only adds pathos to the testimony. The blessing of an old man falls with all the more impressiveness, when it is given with a feeble voice, and a trembling hand.'
With best love to all,
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
Cheshvan 17th 5710.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for both your letters, and glad to hear that you are all well in this trying weather.
I am pleased you joined in the Ex-Service(men's) worship at the Western Synagogue, and read the Maftir in which the Prophet endeavours to rouse Israel from their despondency and despairing, brought about by the Golus.
The late Gerald Friedlander was an intimate friend of mine, in my early days in London. We were both struggling to be recognised by the community, and while I was a candidate for Notting Hill, he was fortunate in getting the Ministry at the Western Synagogue.
The salary was not enticing, and the Committee hesitated to engage a Minister, being short of Funds. But Gerald somehow influenced the late Mr. Stuart Samuel to take over the management, and under his regime the Synagogue flourished.
The Haymarket Synagogue, as it was called, was a beautiful building, and was the first House of Worship in the West End.
When the Centenary took place, and the descendants of the founders were invited to the celebration, a large number of them were assimilated by marriage.
It will be interesting to you to read the Archives of that Synagogue, as the finest families of Anglo-Jewry were its members.
Gerald Friedlander always challenged Claude Montefiore, and wrote books and articles in the Press to disapprove of Claude Montefiore's notions of Judaism.
Poor Gerald was cut off in his prime, he was a sincere orthodox Jew, although his family was English.
You forgot to let me have the Jewish Monthly, which I always enjoy. I am living as a convalescent, resting a great deal, which decreases my hours of learning and study.
I will close now with Sabbath greetings and best love to all, in which Annie joins
Your Loving Father.

115 Sussex Rd,
Southport.
March 29th 1950.

Dear Benny,
Owing to the delay of obtaining a change of eye-glasses under the National (Health) scheme, I could not reply till now to your letters.
I am recovering thank G. gradually, under the watchful care and attention of Aunt Annie, and hope speedily to regain normality.
I cannot, as yet, write a letter with full details of circumstances, but as the Passover is approaching, I wish you, Jessie and Michael a pleasant and enjoyable Festival, in which my dear wife joins.
Trusting you are all well, I will close now with love and devotion.
Your Loving Father and Grandfather.

11 Cowper St,
Leeds.
March 11th 1951.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letters and enclosed Order of Service, and glad to hear that you are well. I have also received the Monthlies for which I thank you.
What I am concerned about, is that mentally I am not gaining, and cannot discuss on Talmudical topics, as formerly. This makes me very miserable.
John and Milly are doing their utmost. They visit us occasionally and we them. We shall be pleased to see you whenever you come.
Glad that Jessie and Michael have recovered from the flu and trust they will soon be restored to normal health.
With love to all from Aunt Annie
and Your Loving Father.

John and Milly are going to London for a week. They are attending a Conference.

22 Bank Sq,
Southport.
10th August 1951.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for (your) letter and (the) Monthly. Glad to hear you are all well, and that Michael will go to Eretz (Yisroel). Let me know when you expect this to happen.
Trusting you are all well, and glad you had John, Milly and Gillian visiting you.
With best love to all in which Auntie Annie joins.
Your Loving Father.

Southport.
14th May 1952.

Dear Benny,
Thanks for your letter and best regards of the family. Milly, John and Gillian came on Sunday, but they came during a bad shower, and had got a puncture on the road.
We took advantage of yesterday, which was a real summer's day, and took Annie out.
How is Jessie keeping? How is Michael getting on in school, what is he taking up as the means of a future career? Is he studying Hebrew at all?
I regret (the) inability of expressing any ideas as in the past, the mind has become a blank, without creating something. Some people are blessed with inspiration, especially when they attain an advanced age.
The Psalmist says, 'when planted in the House of the L. the Talmud Chacham, even at an advanced age, is spiritually fruitful; full of sap, and green.' See Ps. 92.
Trusting you are all well, with best love from both of us,
Your Loving Father.

Afterword.

In 1982, His Honour Bernard Benjamin Gillis Q.C., wrote the following description of his father. His words were to be read on the occasion of the first family reunion of the Cohen/Kahanski/Kyanski family held that year in New Jersey U.S.A.

My father, born in London in May 1872, was named Judah for the founder of the family. He was, in fact, registered in the municipal offices as Julia, not because my Grandfather was ignorant, but because he followed a practice among Russian Jewry of registering their sons as daughters, on order to protect them from being conscripted into the Tsar's Army and exposed to conversion. He was the firstborn, and was followed by David and Pesach (Percy). Their only sister, Fanny, died after bathing at Brighton. (possibly of polio. G.S.)

Let me now speak of my father, the greatest influence in my life. He was a kind man but of reserved disposition, and not given to fulsome praising. From his early youth he had dedicated himself to his Faith. Strict in his observance of the orthodox tradition, he was wholly immersed in Jewish learning. He also acquired a wide classical knowledge and was well read in modern literature. Modest and quiet in demeanour and conversation, when preaching he proclaimed with almost an inspired and powerful eloquence, the eternal Jewish ethics of justice and brotherhood among all men. He had an excellent general education at The Jews' Free School, founded by the Rothschilds, his English master was Israel Zangwill, later to be recognised as a leading novelist, with his 'Children of the Ghetto, which told the story of the thousands of our people who left the persecution of Eastern Europe, and their lives in this country.

My father wrote and spoke excellent English; his sermons were really classical essays. He also had a good command of Yiddish which was the language of his parents. The orthodox Jew in Russia or Poland would rarely speak Russian or Polish except when dealing with Christians, which was rare, or on official occasions. Yiddish was the language of the immigrant masses from Europe, and my father attracted large congregations at Sabbath Afternoon Services, specially directed towards the older generation when his discourse would be in Yiddish, usually on the Sedra of the week.

He had received his Rabbinical diplomas from Rabbi Yitzchok Elchonon, the illustrious Rav of Kovno, the outstanding Jewish scholar of the day and whose name is immortalised in the Yeshiva Yitzchok Elchonon in New York. In my father's time there were no facilities in England for the training of Rabbis, and as a result he had to go abroad and was enrolled in 1889 at the famous Voloshin Yeshiva in Lithuania. The Yeshiva had a reputation for enlightened learning free from narrow intellectual rigidity and it was no surprise when it was later closed down by Government order because of its liberal standards; the students were transferred to Kovno, and thus it came about that my father completed his studies under the great Rabbi Yitzchok Elchonon.

After qualifying and travelling in Germany, my father was visiting friends in Krotoshin, East Prussia. He was asked one Friday Sabbath evening to dine at the house of Rabbi Benjamin Gelles, one of the Rabbis of the local community. At table, the Rabbi's eldest daughter was present. That is how my parents met. After marriage they returned to London and my father began his life's work.

The education of the young was his greatest interest. After sixteen years as Headmaster of a Talmud Torah with a roll of 600 boys, and as Preacher and Rabbi in London, he was appointed in that capacity by the Nottingham Community and also looked after several neighbouring smaller congregations. In 1920 until he retired in 1938, he served the Jewish Community in Newcastle upon Tyne and, as their Rabbi Emeritus, continued to preach there for many years in response to special invitations.

Some of the leading Rabbis in this century had been his pupils, one became Chief Rabbi and several were Dayanim, and he himself was recognised as an outstanding Talmudic scholar. At his funeral, the Chief Rabbi said that he had died during the one week of the year when the Sedra makes no mention of our great teacher Moses, and so it was fitting to remember this particular teacher - on this particular day.

Introduction

Afterword.