The Colonsay-Canada Connection, by John W. Sheets
The full title of this essay is "National Culture of Mobility": The Colonsay-Canada Connection, and it is reproduced, with kind permission of the publishers, from "Transatlantic Studies", Will Kaufman and Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson ISBN 0 7618 17905 (University Press of America, Inc., 2000). The book can be ordered online at www.univpress.com
John Sheets has an extensive academic and personal knowledge of Colonsay, built up through some thirty years of research; he has kindly prepared a list of all his publications (given elsewhere in this issue) as a reference aid to our readers. Professor Sheets asks that we add the following personal note to the on-line publication, as it would normally appear as part of the preamble to his various publications: "I acknowledge the permission of the Registrar-General for Scotland to consult documents at New Register House, Edinburgh."
Part 3, of 4 instalments.
"On December 21, 1860, Malcolm McKinnon in Kilchattan, Colonsay, wrote to his uncle Lachlan McKinnon in Erin, Ontario. As the leader of the Baptists of Colonsay after the death of Malcolm Blue in 1858. Malcolm used evangelical language to depict their life on a depopulated, depressed island. About his mother, Mary Currie, he wrote: "[S]he will be found among those who get their sins washed and made them white in the blood of the Lamb…. I know that she was not rightly nourished this long while past…." Like so many still in Colonsay, Malcolm McKinnon wondered if they all should not emigrate to live near their family and fellow Baptists in Ontario: "I am always working by price work and fishing and doing far better than being engaged. I don't think that I shall go to America as long as my mother lives now altho I don't see any way of making a living here…." Neither Malcolm, his wife, mother nor father-in-law ever left Colonsay, but others in their family did. To the embattled Baptist leader who remained behind, there was still in the islands "a great deal of good done by the Lord pouring down his Spirit among the people and a great [many] of the people turned from darkness to light and from the power of Sin and Satan unto the Lord."
But the laird of Colonsay, Duncan McNeill, made sure the Baptists did not monopolise the Lord's work in his domain. With his insistence and support, on February 27, 1861 the Church of Scotland "disjoined" Colonsay as an ecclesiastical unit from the Parish of Jura and built a new manse for its first minister; on September 26, the Rev. James MacKenzie, from St. Kilda, arrived in Colonsay. According to the 1861 census, he entered a shrinking community of 598 people; Kilchattan had 202 residents with no improvements in sight. Malcolm McKinnon's sister, Janet, her husband Finlay McEachern, their four young children, Mary Currie's youngest sister, Lucy, her husband and children, and others departed Colonsay for Ontario. They reached Elderslie to witness the harsh reality, as well as the indomitable spirit and life cycles of their established kin.
In 1865-66 the McEachern-McKinnon household shifted from Dunblane to the western half of Elderslie's Lot 4, shared with Colonsay's Archibald McNeill and family, near the Williscroft post office and school. Their Gaelic-speaking family and friends were close by. Janet corresponded with her younger brother Donald, who had entered Edinburgh University in 1863 as a 24-year-old "Arts Student." Her letters from Elderslie had an obvious impact upon his studies. He read an essay "Life in Canada" to the Edinburgh University Celtic Society on January 21, 1865 and critiqued another member's essay about "Highland Emigration" on February 18. Perhaps Janet mentioned one of the more towering Colonsay characters in Bruce County, the Baptist preacher Donald McNeill, son of the late Lachlan McNeill and named "Minister Mor" for his six and one-half foot height. He began his ministry in the village of Paisley, then took it to the Williscroft people in 1868. Everyone went to the millyard or a schoolhouse to wait for him coming on horseback. He gave his sermons in Gaelic, repeated in English, and, according to local legend, "Woe betide the child who dared to suggest it was too much to sit through two sermons." The Williscroft Baptists erected their first church building in 1875. Likewise, the Colonsay Baptists, under Barbara Munn's brother, James Campbell, erected their first chapel beside the Kilchattan schoolhouse in 1879; Campbell's picture still hangs in its back room.
After his family's annual holiday to Colonsay in the summer of 1887, Professor Donald Mackinnon lamented in the Edinburgh paper, The Scotsman, that on his island, "A marriage is a rarer event than a Parliamentary election." Indeed, the populations of Elderslie and Colonsay headed in opposite directions. In 1881 Elderslie peaked with 3,273 people while Colonsay had only 381 residents in 1891. Friends and relatives stayed in touch across the Atlantic, sometimes by the rare trip abroad. In December 1904 "Lachie" McNeill, from Fort William, Ontario, sailed from New York to Great Britain; upon his return the Paisley Advocate summarized his Grand tour. He had visited London, Glasgow and Edinburgh, where "he was the guest of Professor McKinnon, one of the most noted scholars of the British Isles." However, Lachie believed "for living there he would prefer not to. The conditions this side of the Atlantic are better than there, especially among the working class. At present a great many are out of employment… " He chose to spend most of his time in Colonsay, "birthplace of his parents," where "the old Gaelic language is still spoken more than English."
Closer to World War I, when Victorian and Edwardian times yielded to modern conflicts, the end-of-life faced some Colonsay Gaels on both sides of the Atlantic. To a ceilidh (or celebration) at Edinburgh's Gaelic parish of St. Oran's on January 9, 1908, 69 year-old Donald Mackinnon lamented about "emigration from his native parish upon a somewhat larger scale - friends, neighbours, relatives parting in this world forever. No one who has witnessed the heart-breaking scene is likely to forget it." Colonsay enumerated 273 residents on its 1911 census, about the same number in the Kilchattan are of Mackinnon's youth. In 1908 the old Baptist Church in Williscroft closed and its white-brick replacement opened across the road. The war itself only propelled death, both in Elderslie and in Colonsay, when both communities sent young men to France, respectively commemorated by monuments in Paisley and at Scalasaig.
Another McKinnon from Ontario, though, would return to Scotland and Colonsay after "the War to end all Wars." Robert Lachlan McKinnion was born in Erin Township, in his grandfather Lachlan's farmhouse, in 1872, ten years after his grandfather's death. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1895 and became one of Ontario's leading jurists. In 1928, by the King's appointment, he was named judge of the Wellington County Court; in 1935 he received the King George V and Queen Mary Medal. "Judge MacKinnon", as everyone called him, held an abiding interest in his Scottish heritage and family history. At Robert's request, in 1902 his father john had written "Cousin" Donald Mackinnon for specific genealogical information. Professor Mackinnon sent them "a jotting regarding the members of your great-grandfather's [Angus McKinnon from the Ross of Mull] family who did not emigrate, in so far as is known to me…" But not until July 1936 could Robert and his wife Annie sail from Montreal for Great Britain. On board, they socialized with passengers going to the Olympic Games in Berlin and saw the dirigible "Hindenburg" pass over the ship. They shopped and toured London, and witnessed an attempted assassination of the King on Constitution Hill by a disgruntled journalist.
On the afternoon of August 13, Robert and Annie McKinnon boarded a Glasgow steamer in Oban on its southbound passage to Colonsay. Completing their ancestors' journey in reverse, they unloaded in the rain onto a "tender boat … with big waves dashing it up and down"; then they met the Mackinnons on the same Colonsay quay at Scalasaig from where Lachlan McKinnon and others had departed in 1831. For eight glorious days they "drove about the island in a two-wheeled cart with pony," met more cousins, walked the hills and paths, collected seashells on the beaches, toured Colonsay House and viewed the crofts of Robert's ancestors in Kilchattan and Miogarus. Giving heart-felt good-byes at the quay, the Mackinnons from Colonsay bid farewell to the McKinnons from Guelph, who reached home on September 12. The next week Robert wrote to a cousin in New York: "It was like going home and the welcome was pure Highland …" But he was worried on the eve of World War II. The day after France surrendered in 1940 he implored his cousin Catherine to leave Edinburgh and come to Guelph; she could "repay me by giving me some lessons in Gaelic that I badly need." Catherine wrote: "I feel I cannot leave Britain till we are at peace once more…" And from Colonsay, his cousin Mary confessed: "[W]ouldn't I love to pack and run straight to you but - no - we must not be cowards is our motto - "Fortune aids the brave" - and we must be brave and face whatever comes." Throughout the war the McKinnons in Guelph sent Catherine and Mary parcels with scarce, rationed commodities such as tea, sugar, chocolate, coffee, butter, fruits and bacon. But these transatlantic cousins, extended over the ocean by emigration, would never see one another again."

McNeill Obituaries
Readers may remember Mary MacKay, who visited Colonsay last summer and who is researching a history of the connection between Colonsay and Elderslie, Bruce County. Mary has kindly forwarded some material extracted from the files of the "Paisley Advocate", with reference to Alexander McNeill and his wife (who were cousins) and John McNeill, a cousin to them both, who took up land in Elderslie. John was killed when his wagon, loaded with logs, overturned on a steep hill leading down into Paisley. Mary forwarded a picture of John McNeill's remarkable tombstone, a very large cross, mounted on a solid block of concrete in the shape of a "casket" and surrounded by a wrought iron fence.
"Nothing is so imperative as Death. Its ruthless hand spares neither palace nor cottage, time-tutored age nor rosy cheeked youth. No family circle is free of its ravages, and no precincts are too sacred for it to enter. It is our painful duty this week to chronicle the death of Mrs. McNeill, wife of our esteemed member for North Bruce. The deceased, who was the daughter of Sir Forbes McNeill, and niece of Sir John McNeill of Colonsay, was born in the vicinity of London, England, and with her husband came to Canada, and, about the middle of September 1872, settled near Paisley where she resided for some years. The later years of her life have been spent here at her late residence the "Corran," and with her husband in the discharge of his parliamentary duties at Ottawa …".
Rather more pacy is the following piece, 1932:
"MR. A. McNEILL EX M.P. RESIDENT OF WIARTON PASSES MONDAY NOON - Highly Esteemed Resident of Wiarton Passes Monday - IN 90TH YEAR - Widely Known Resident in Failing Health for Year - (Special to The Sun-Times) Wiarton Apr. 18 -
Mr. Alexander McNeill, ex-M.P., and for many years a highly esteemed resident of Wiarton, died at his home here between 12 and 1 o'clock today.
His passing was not unexpected, as he had been seriously ill for quite some time and in failing health for the past year. He was in his 90th year, and previous to his last illness had consistently enjoyed excellent health…."
Elsewhere the article mentions that the deceased was "a distinguished imperialist" and a later piece describes the funeral; he had been a member of Trinity Anglican church and the minister "reminded his hearers of the great responsibility of earthly fatherhood. The leaders of the present day, he said, are greatly concerned about the future and there is no doubt that world conditions as they exist today are the result of people getting away from God. The speaker made a striking reference to the number of fathers killed in the Great War, thus depriving the youth of parental guidance, which is reflected in the fact that 75 per cent of the criminals of the world are between the ages of 18 and 30 years….. Immediately following the conclusion of the service hundreds passed by the bier and took a final look at the features they had known so well ….
Readers Write
"I am very excited to have found the Colonsay website. I am a seventh
generation MacNeill from Prince Edward Island, Canada. The cemeteries
where my ancestors are buried in PEI have many, many tombstones stating
'emigrated from Colonsay'.
Our family tree shows every generation to have names such as James,
Roderick, and Daniel. My great-grandfather set up most of the
Presbyterian Churches in central PEI (Church of Scotland then) and
interestingly, their religion in the archives is recorded as
'MacDonaldite'.
Most of the MacNeill's on PEI have been academics, with the large
majority being doctors and nurses who have taught and were well-known for their
speaking ability. A gentle people, they combined compassion and a
poetic philosophy with wisdom and intelligence to influence those they
came in contact with. Does this sound like the MacNeills of Colonsay?
I live in Halifax, Nova Scotia now, but visit PEI (home) regularly in
the summer. If you would like the info on tombstones etc., I would
gladly collect it for you.
Marilee MacNeill Cooper
Following a reply from the Editor:
Thank you for your response. The MacNeills of Wood Islands/ Little Sands have
no immediate connection with my family of MacNeills. My family settled on the
West River and are buried in St. Catherine's and Canoe Cove. There are MacPhees
buried there as well, I think, from Colonsay. I will do some further
investigating in PEI this summer and in the meantime get my 'roots' out of
storage. I know I have traced my family back to James, Roderick, Anne, and
another male who emigrated to PEI seven generations ago - ie mid seventeen
hundreds. Anne died on the way. I was never able to determine if my lineage was
James or Roderick.
I will contact you for further advice, if I may, when I have my information at
hand.
Thank you very much for responding.
Marilee MacNeill Cooper
I am an American. My ancestors were Scotch-Irish. The first one I know
about was Moses Mahaffey and his wife Jennet McIntyre. They came to
America before 1759 because their first son was born here. I have been
told his people were originally from Colonsay Island. They left there
for some reason and moved into northern Ireland. I am not certain how
long before 1759 they left Scotland.
Their original name could have been spelled differently. In some records
in this country it was spelled with an e Mehaffey. I would appreciate
any help given .
Lucille Mahaffey Hardy lucilleh@cableone.net
This is one of a number of messages which have a lot in common, so perhaps it might spark some further ccomment - Editor
My grandfather Mr Roderick MacMillan was born on Colonsay, married my grandmother who was from Greenock (originally Ireland) and my mother I believe was raised in Colonsay for a time. I have old photos of Colonsay House and my mum being in Colonsay school and am interested to find out about my grandfather's family as I believe they originated from the island.
My grandfather's was born in May 1911.
His nickname was Jackson (after a famous American boxer)
I would be really interested if you could trace his family.
(The above message came without the author's name, but I understand that "Jackson" was born in Uragaig, and that at least three first cousins of his daughter are living locally. It is thought that his daughter was Isabella, and that he was a fireman in Greenock. His wife died last August and the Oban Times notice mentioned that she was a widow, and in her nineties. If anyone can supply memories or pictures, I will pass them on - Editor).
Dear Kevin,
This news may or may not be worthy of a mention in the excellent Corncrake.
I know many islanders will have become acquainted over previous years with the hammer-wielding geologists sent from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
Sadly, the Geology Department was closed last year, which means there will be no more from that particular stable.
I myself was one such geologist (in 1983), and have revisited the island on several occasions - now with young family (and definitely not my hammer, which has long since been withdrawn from service!). I know that others have returned, and like myself, will probably continue to do so well into the future.
With best wishes to you and all on the island,
Peter Ross
Here is some stuff our family has gathered so far. My interest was piqued
with your mention of Angus Munn in the January issue of the Corncrake under
part 2 of 4 of the book instalment
My contribution is the passenger list of the Clarendon passenger ship which
departed Tobermory, N. Britain 1808.
Listed were John Munn, age 48, Labourer - Colonsay, Argyle
Cathn. Munn, age 42, his wife - Colonsay, Argyle
Donald Munn, age 16, his son - Colonsay, Argyle, also listed
in the 1841 census on Prince Edward Island.
Duncan Munn, age 14, his son - Colonsay, Argyle, also listed
in the 1841 PEI census
Sarah Munn, age 12, his daughter, Colonsay, Argyle
Cathn. Munn age 7, his daughter, Colonsay, Argyle
Barbara Munn, age 5, his daughter, Colonsay, Argyle
John Munn, age 4, his son, Colonsay, Argyle
The Clarendon arrived on September 21, 1808 at Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island, Canada. A number of Munns went west to live in Ontario, and
then into Michigan, USA.
Hope this helps someone else. Thanks for the fun web site!!
Tom Munn, Kent, Ohio, USA tommunn@earthlink.net
I was given your website address by a fellow genealogist in New Brunswick,
Canada. I am descended from a John Bowie (BUIE) who came with his wife
Janet MacFadden (McFayden??) from Colonsay around 1861 to 1865 to Bruce
County, Ontario. John was born around 1819. Always looking to connect with
other genealogists who are researching the same family. I'd really like to
know if John's parents were Angus Buie and Marion Blue or a Donald Buie and
Catherine McNeill. Please feel free to pass this note on to prospective
persons.
In any case, next time I'm in Scotland, I know where I'm going to visit!
Best Regards,
Glen Belbeck
Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
e-mail = outofsocks@cadvision.com
Some further notes on Duncan Ban were forwarded by Alastair Scouller, courtesy of John Sheets:
"THANK YOU for leading me to the obituary (and Duncan's picture) in "The Corncrake" because I knew nothing of it and, naturally, anything to do with Mackinnon gets my immediate attention. Having now read it, perhaps I can add some context that might lead to its location.
Duncan McNeill, baptised on 23 February 1806 to Neil McNeill and Mary Brown, died on 28 March 1897, 91 years old. He was the first certified death registered by Colonsay's first resident physician, Dr David Crichton ? an accomplishment in itself for which Mackinnon and Dr Roger McNeill (then Argyll's Medical Officer and Duncan's nephew) worked very hard. I mention Duncan's death in the Mackinnon-McNeill manuscript (Part 4, pp 13-4) and must incorporate the obituary, such a valuable source. And another connection that might explain Mackinnon's interest--Duncan's wife, Catherine Currie (who died 8 Nov 1886), was Mackinnon's mother's sister.
Therefore, I suspect that the obituary appeared in a mid- to late April 1897 issue of THE SCOTSMAN."
We will be happy to receive more letters and, as always, the editor would like to hear from anyone who might wish to contribute. Individual articles on news or local events will always be welcome.
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