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The area of
Warwickshire South & East of the Avon is known as the "Feldon" from the
Anglo-Saxon "feld" meaning an open area or field. Unlike the "Forest
of Arden", which is North & West of the Avon, the Feldon was cleared of timber
and cultivated from the first few centuries AD. Centuries of ploughing the heavy soils has
created the common "ridge & furrow" landscape that characterises the Feldon.
Until the 12th & 13th centuries the Feldon was well populated, however the black
death, and the wool trade, set in train a population decline. Also the clearing of the
Forest of Arden to provide charcoal for iron smelting, opened up areas of more tractable
land which encouraged the turning of the Feldon over to sheep pasture. The process of
enclosing the large fields with hawthorn hedges continued gradually through to the 19th
century, producing the regular hedged landscape of today.
Within the Feldon is the "Vale of the Red Horse", which
stretches from Kineton & Edge Hill along the foot of the Cotswold escarpment South
West to the Stour Valley. The Vale takes it's name from the figure of a horse cut into the
red, iron-rich, soil of the hillside above Tysoe. Talk to the locals and you will be told
of several locations for the horse, as there were five different horses cut over the
years, none of which survive.
The Reverend George Miller in his book Rambles
round the Edge Hills, published in 1896, states that the horse probably dates from
the Anglo-Saxon conquests, dismissing the (perhaps) more popular theory that it was cut by
Warwick the Kingmaker after the Battle of Towton in 1461. Miller gives the dimensions of
the horse, for example :- "from shoulder to ear 14 feet", "from
ear to nose 7½ feet", and "the diameter of the eye 1 foot 2
inches". "The" horse was destroyed about 1798 and afterwards the owners of the Sunrising
Inn cut another close by, trying to keep up the annual fair connected with the
scouring, held on Palm Sunday.
The Pillertons' are situated on the rising ground on the opposite side of the Vale to the
escarpment. This higher ground, which separates the Vale from the valley proper of the
Avon, was the route the Romans chose for the Fosseway with a grand disregard for gravity.
The Fosseway parallels an ancient Saltway running along the top of the escarpment,
taking in the hill fort of Nadbury Camp which overlooks the battlefield of Edgehill
(October 1642).
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