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The G major 4 Octave Scale
G major has been fingered in several different ways. Here are some different fingerings as presented by various pedagogues. It is common for Russian Violinists to practise scales alternating 2 contrasting fingerings. Above : Elizabeth Gilels fingers the scale descending 3 3 4. Both her fingerings are widely used throughout Russia. Below : Her alternative fingering is also used by Andrei Shishlov descending 4 3 2.
Below : Lucien Capet, in his most famous work on bowing fingers G major in 4 octaves descending 3 3 3, which Galamian also copies.
Below : Galamian's 2 fingerings taken from "Contemporary Violin Technique".
In practising these scales, a division of 2 or 4 notes to the bow, with a steady or moderate tempo is to be preferred. Shifts, string changes and tone should be precise, even and pure. Light, smooth shifting (change of position) is especially important. Capet states that a good technique is achieved when the left hand interferes in no way (not even minute) with the right hand bowing. In extreme cases, the right hand may slow down or even stop when confronted with difficult left hand shifts, but the ideal feeling to have in the right hand is of bowing an open string. One should aim for that simplicity, purity and evenness in the right hand, keeping the left hand fingers light, even and smooth in their mechanism. Deft position changing, especially downward, from the top G is extremely important when striving for legato (lié).
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