Musa acuminata

Musa acuminata
L. A. Colla, Memoria sul genere Musa: 66 (1820)
Musa acuminata H. Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip.: 74 (1854)

Musa acuminata L. A. Colla, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 25 : 384 (1820). [Memoria sul genere Musa e monografia del Medesimo 66 (1820).] and E. E. Cheesman, Kew Bulletin 3 (1): 22 (1948).

Accepted name Musa acuminata L. A. Colla, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 25 : 384 (1820). [Memoria sul genere Musa e monografia del Medesimo 66 (1820).] and E. E. Cheesman, Kew Bulletin 3 (1): 22 (1948).
Synonyms

Synonyms attributable to subspecies of Musa acuminata:

Musa banksii F. J. H. von Mueller
Musa microcarpa O. Beccari
Musa sumatrana O. Beccari
Musa truncata H. N. Ridley
Musa zebrina J. E. Planchon
Musa zebrina L. B. van Houtte ex J. E. Planchon

Synonyms attributable to cultivated seedless forms derived either from Musa acuminata alone or through hybridisation with Musa balbisiana:

Musa cavendishii A. B. Lambert ex J. Paxton
Musa cavendishii J. Paxton
Musa chinensis R. Sweet
Musa chiliocarpa C. A. B. Backer
Musa consociata T. Nakai
Musa corniculata J. de Loureiro
Musa humilis G. (G. G.) S. Perrottet
Musa megalocarpa T. Nakai
Musa minor T. Nakai
Musa mirabilis T. Nakai
Musa nana auct. non J. de Loureiro
Musa prematura T. Nakai
Musa rhinocerotis W. S. Kurz
Musa sapientum L.
Musa simiarum W. S. Kurz
Musa simiarum G. E. Rumphius
Musa sinensis P. A. Sagot ex J. G. Baker

Authorities The accepted name is from Cheesman 1948b. 

Symonyms are from Argent 1984, Cheesman 1948b, Griffiths 1994, Huxley 1992, Mobot Tropicos & (mainly) Hotta 1989.
Section Eumusa
Distribution South East Asia to Australia (very doubtfully Africa).
Description

"Plant stooling sparsely (1 - 2 stems, Ridley) or freely (4 - 30 stems, Backer) ; pseudostems more slender than those of most cultivated bananas, usually 3 - 5 metres high (up to 7 m., Backer), rarely exceeding 25 cm. in diameter at base, with varying development of brown-black markings from almost green to almost entirely black, or sometimes reddish brown in lower parts ; leaf-sheaths and petioles commonly more or less glaucous or pruinose, but extremely variable in development of wax.

Leaf blades oblong, 2 - 2.5 m. long, 40 - 60 cm. wide, truncate at apex, usually rounded at base, sometimes rounded on one side and acute on the other, varying from green or green tinged with purple to wholly purple on the lower surface, green above, with or without flecks or bars of purplish brown pigmentation, variable also from not or slightly to heavily waxy beneath, midribs green, greenish yellow, or more or less strongly tinged with red below ; petioles 60 - 90 cm. long, in some forms very slender, in others stouter, their margins sometimes almost erect, leaving an open adaxial channel, in other forms strongly incurved over the channel and almost covering it, usually definitely developed, especially below, where the petiole passes into the leaf-sheath, here usually closely appressed to the pseudostem, occasionally slightly bent outward away from it, early becoming scarious in this region, when young often bordered with a red line.

Inflorescence subhorizontal or vertically deflexed, its peduncle and rachis usually more or less thickly pubescent with brown hairs, sometimes glabrous ; basal flowers female, the number of female "hands" varying up to about 10, commonly fewer, occasionally more, upper hands male.

Female flowers about 16 per bract in two rows ; compound tepal about 2.5 cm. long (to 4.2 cm., Backer) white, yellowish or slightly purple, with white or yellow tip and lobes ; free tepal translucent, about half as long as the compound tepal ; ovary pale green, yellowish green, or purplish, glabrous or with a few fine hairs near the base, or (fide Backer) more or less thickly covered with soft hairs.

Male bud in advanced blooming ovoid to turbinate, usually acute, the bracts convolute, imbricate at the extreme tip only, or rather strongly imbricate.  Bracts various shades of purple or red, from bright red to dark violet, ovate, usually acute at apex, sometimes yellow at the extreme tip ; outer surface more or less glaucous, faintly ribbed longitudinally, inner surface paler, light red or yellowish, always paling towards the base. Only one bract lifted at a time, bracts revolute on fading and early deciduous, often a little before the flowers they subtend.

Male flowers about 20 per bract, in two rows ; compound tepal 3.5 - 4.5 cm. long, about 1.2 cm. wide, white, cream, yellowish or pale orange, sometimes purplish, upper part of tepal including the teeth, yellow, varying from pale lemon yellow to bright orange, the 2 outer teeth varying from 2 to 7 mm. long, with a dorsal filiform appendage 1 - 2 mm. long, the centre lobe usually slightly shorter and broader ; free tepal about half as long as the compound tepal, translucent, boat-shaped, variable at apex but usually transversely corrugated just below the apicula ; stamens at first as long as the perianth or slightly shorter, later exserted, their anthers usually pink before dehiscence.

Fruit bunch asymmetrical if borne subhorizontally, compact if vertically, the fruits exhibiting marked geotropic curvature in either case.   Individual fruit 8 - 13 cm. long, 1.5 - 3 cm. in diameter, subcylindrical, the angles of the young fruit almost disappearing at ripeness in most forms, rather abruptly narrowed at base into a pedicel of about 1 cm. (sometimes pubescent), and at apex into a prominent acumen 0.6 - 1.5 cm. long ; pericarp about 2 mm. thick, bright yellow at full ripeness, pulp whitish or cream to yellow.

Seeds (when present) dull black, smooth (ex Backer) or more commonly minutely tuberculate, irregularly angulate-depressed, 6 - 7 mm. across and about 3 mm. high".

(Cheesman 1948b.  References to Ridley and Backer in the above description are cited below).

References APNI, Argent 1984, Backer 1924 : 135-136, Backer & Bakhuizen 1968 : 38, Cheesman 1948b, Flora Guandong, Griffiths 1994, GRIN, Hotta 1989, Huxley 1992, IPGRI, Mobot Tropicos, Ridley 1893, Ridley 1902, Ridley 1924, Rossel 1998, Shepherd 1990, Shepherd 1999, Uphof 1968.
Comments

Musa acuminata Colla is a highly polymorphic species.  Thirteen subspecies are listed on subsequent pages but it is likely that not all are taxonomically valid and the true number is nearer to eleven (Shepherd 1990).  Authorities for some of the subspecies are currently lacking in this list.

Musa acuminata is an Australasian species although there is one peculiar population in the forests north of Wete on Pemba Island off the Tanzanian coast of east Africa.  Stover & Simmonds 1987 speculated that Musa acuminata may be wild on Pemba Island in which case it would be the only wild Musa species with a foothold in Africa.  It is more likely that the plant was introduced to Pemba from Indonesia, see for example Rossel 1998, although Shepherd 1999 treats it as a possibly distinct subspecies.


Musa acuminata
H. Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip.: 74 (1854).

Accepted name ?
Synonyms  
Authorities  
Section  
Distribution  
Description  
References Sagot 1887 : 329.
Comments Same as Musa acuminata L. A. Colla?


 


last revision 23 April 2003